de Souza Leite Júnior Joilson Alves, Aidar Felipe J, Menezes Jainara Lima, de Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco, Cabral Breno Guilherme de Araújo Tinoco, Silva Ana Filipa, Clemente Filipe Manuel, Badicu Georgian, Yagin Fatma Hilal, Brito Ciro José, de Souza Rapahel Fabrício, Nobari Hadi, Alghannam Abdullah F
Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.
Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports (GEPEPS), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, 49100-000, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 17;15(1):25900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-10530-z.
Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) is a maximum strength modality, where male athletes demonstrated greater relative and absolute strength compared to conventional powerlifting. This study aimed to assess the acute effects of traditional training (TT) and eccentric training (ET) methods on Maximum Isometric Strength (MIF), Time to Maximum Isometric Force (Time), Muscle Activation (sEMG), and Skin Temperature (Thermo) in twelve male PP athletes (mean age 30.25 ± 8.13; body weight 72.36 ± 18.47). The training consisted of 5 sets of 5 repetitions (5 × 5), with 80% 1RM in the TT method and in the ET 80% was adopted in the concentric phase and 110% in the eccentric phase, adopting a minimum rest of 3 min between sets and the cadence used was approximately 2 s in the eccentric phase and 1 s in the concentric phase for the ET and 1 s in each phase for the TT. Athletes competing nationally and internationally underwent Thermo, Time, and MIF assessments during TT (80%-1RM for both concentric and eccentric phases) and ET (80%-1RM concentric and 110%-1RM eccentric) at pre-training, post-training, 24 h, and 48 h. sEMG was evaluated in the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major (PMCP), sternal portion of the pectoralis major (PMSP), anterior Deltoid (AD), and Triceps Brachii (BT) during the final series (5 sets of 5 repetitions) of a training session. Athletes exhibited thermal differences in the PMCP muscle at 24 h between TT and ET (p = 0.020); Also, after the first 24 h, the AD showed differences between ET and TT (p = 0.016) and BT demonstrated differences between ET and TT (p = 0.028). The sEMG showed no significant differences between TT and ET (p > 0.05). The MIF displayed differences after 48 h between TT and ET (p = 0.004). The time showed no significant difference between TT and ET (p > 0.05). In conclusion, muscles involved in the bench press exhibited a significant increase in skin temperature with the ET method compared to TT, suggesting greater muscular fatigue. Furthermore, a higher MIF production was observed after the application of the TT in relation to ET, 48 h after training. In the ET, a lower MIF was observed than in the TT, indicating greater fatigue in this type of training.
残奥会举重（PP）是一种极限力量运动形式，与传统举重相比，男性运动员在其中展现出了更强的相对力量和绝对力量。本研究旨在评估传统训练（TT）和离心训练（ET）方法对12名男性PP运动员（平均年龄30.25±8.13岁；体重72.36±18.47千克）的最大等长力量（MIF）、达到最大等长力量的时间（Time）、肌肉激活（sEMG）和皮肤温度（Thermo）的急性影响。训练包括5组，每组5次重复（5×5），TT方法采用80%的1RM，ET在向心阶段采用80%的1RM，在离心阶段采用110%的1RM，组间休息至少3分钟，ET在离心阶段的节奏约为2秒，向心阶段为1秒，TT在每个阶段均为1秒。参加国内和国际比赛的运动员在训练前、训练后、24小时和48小时接受了TT（向心和离心阶段均为80%-1RM）和ET（向心80%-1RM，离心110%-1RM）期间的Thermo、Time和MIF评估。在一次训练课的最后一组（5组，每组5次重复）中，对胸大肌锁骨部（PMCP）、胸大肌胸骨部（PMSP）、三角肌前束（AD）和肱三头肌（BT）进行sEMG评估。运动员在24小时时，PMCP肌肉在TT和ET之间表现出温度差异（p = 0.020）；此外，在最初的24小时后，AD在ET和TT之间表现出差异（p = 0.016），BT在ET和TT之间也表现出差异（p = 0.028）。sEMG在TT和ET之间没有显著差异（p＞0.05）。MIF在48小时后TT和ET之间表现出差异（p = 0.004）。Time在TT和ET之间没有显著差异（p＞0.05）。总之，与TT相比，ET方法使卧推中涉及的肌肉皮肤温度显著升高，表明肌肉疲劳更大。此外，在训练后48小时，与ET相比，应用TT后观察到更高的MIF产生。在ET中，观察到的MIF低于TT，表明这种训练类型的疲劳更大。
