Stewart M L, McDonald J T, Levy A S, Schucker R E, Henderson D P
J Am Diet Assoc. 1985 Dec;85(12):1585-90.
Vitamin/mineral supplement use in the United States was assessed through a national telephone interview survey of an age-stratified random sample of 2,991 adults 16 years old and older. A vitamin/mineral supplement was defined as any product containing one or more of 33 specific vitamins, minerals, or "miscellaneous dietary components." Excluding pregnant/lactating women, 39.9% of the population consumed one or more supplements. Of those users, 52.4% consumed one supplement only; 10.9% consumed five or more (up to a maximum of 14 separate products). Confirming other research, above-average consumption of supplements occurred in the western United States. The most widely consumed product type was the single vitamin/miscellaneous dietary component (45.2% of supplement users). Vitamin C, either alone or in combination with other nutrients, was the most widely consumed nutrient (90.6% of supplement users). Use of supplements was more prevalent among women than among men in each of the three age groups examined: 16 to 24 years, 25 to 64 years, and 65 years and older. Although consumption of the B vitamins was more widespread among women than among men, more men than women consumed zinc, iodine, copper, magnesium, and manganese. There was a wide range of intake of both vitamins and minerals, which extended to 10 to 50 times the RDAs for individual nutrients.
通过对2991名16岁及以上成年人按年龄分层的随机样本进行全国电话访谈调查，评估了美国维生素/矿物质补充剂的使用情况。维生素/矿物质补充剂被定义为任何含有33种特定维生素、矿物质或“其他膳食成分”中一种或多种的产品。排除孕妇/哺乳期妇女后，39.9%的人口服用了一种或多种补充剂。在这些使用者中，52.4%的人只服用一种补充剂；10.9%的人服用五种或更多（最多14种不同产品）。与其他研究结果一致，美国西部补充剂的消费量高于平均水平。消费最广泛的产品类型是单一维生素/其他膳食成分（占补充剂使用者的45.2%）。单独或与其他营养素联合使用的维生素C是消费最广泛的营养素（占补充剂使用者的90.6%）。在所调查的三个年龄组（16至24岁、25至64岁、65岁及以上）中，女性补充剂的使用比男性更为普遍。虽然B族维生素在女性中的消费比男性更广泛，但男性摄入锌、碘、铜、镁和锰的人数多于女性。维生素和矿物质的摄入量范围很广，个别营养素的摄入量达到推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）的10至50倍。
