Araya M, Figueroa G, Espinoza J, Montesinos N, Spencer E, Brunser O
J Hyg (Lond). 1985 Oct;95(2):457-67. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400062884.
A group of 168 families who lived in a peri-urban slum in Santiago were surveyed for 9 months. All of them had a child under 7 years of age. Medical activities and data collection were carried out at a Field Station and by means of twice-weekly visits to each home, at which time cases of diarrhoea were recorded and investigated. Faecal samples for bacteriological, parasitological and rotavirus studies were obtained during each episode. The characteristics of clinical course, hygienic practices in the family, and monthly anthropometric measurements of infants and toddlers were also recorded. The mean monthly incidence of diarrhoea was 7.1 episodes per 100 children. Of the episodes, 44.2% were associated with pathogenic bacteria, 14.4% with rotavirus, 38.4% with parasites and in 27.9% no enteropathogens were identified. It was found that adequate hygienic habits were not associated with a decreased risk of developing diarrhoea and that about 60% of children did not have diarrhoea throughout the study period. The nutritional status was adequate in most cases: weight-for-age was below the 5th percentile in 11.5% of subjects and the height-for-age was normal in all. No moderate or severe cases of malnutrition were detected.
对居住在圣地亚哥一个城郊贫民窟的168个家庭进行了为期9个月的调查。他们都有一个7岁以下的孩子。医疗活动和数据收集在一个野外工作站进行，并通过每周两次家访的方式进行，家访时记录并调查腹泻病例。在每次发病期间采集粪便样本进行细菌学、寄生虫学和轮状病毒研究。还记录了临床病程特征、家庭卫生习惯以及婴幼儿的每月人体测量数据。腹泻的平均月发病率为每100名儿童7.1次。在这些发病病例中，44.2%与病原菌有关，14.4%与轮状病毒有关，38.4%与寄生虫有关，27.9%未发现肠道病原体。研究发现，良好的卫生习惯与腹泻风险降低无关，并且在整个研究期间约60%的儿童未患腹泻。大多数情况下营养状况良好：11.5%的受试者年龄别体重低于第5百分位数，所有受试者年龄别身高均正常。未检测到中度或重度营养不良病例。
