Reilly Emily B, Dodge Kenneth A, Bai Yu, Lansford Jennifer E, Bates John E, Pettit Gregory S
Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University.
Int J Behav Dev. 2024 Oct 14. doi: 10.1177/01650254241287220.
The aims of the current 30-year prospective study were to determine: 1) whether socially withdrawn kindergarten children are less likely than others to enter serious romantic relationships or become parents by age 34, 2) whether socially withdrawn children parent differently than non-withdrawn individuals when they grow up, and 3) whether subtypes of withdrawal are associated with different adult outcomes. Following Harrist et al. (1997), 558 kindergarten children (81% White, 17% Black) were categorized into one of five groups: four clusters of social withdrawal (n = 95 unsociable, 23 passive-anxious, 18 active-isolate, 25 sad/depressed) or non-withdrawal (n = 397), using directly observed school behavior and teacher ratings. About 30 years later ( = 34.45 years, = 0.62 years), participants self-reported on their romantic relationship and parent status and parenting warmth and harshness. Overall, the group of socially withdrawn children was no more or less likely than the non-withdrawn group to be in a current relationship or a parent, nor did they report any differences in parenting. However, the active-isolate subtype of social withdrawal, characterized by impulsivity and anger, was less likely than the non-withdrawn group to be in a current relationship (B = -1.24, < 0.05). This study suggests socially withdrawn children in the U.S. fare similarly to non-withdrawn peers in adulthood in their romantic relationships and parenting, but a subgroup of active-isolate children may be at risk of not entering adult relationships.
当前这项为期30年的前瞻性研究的目的是确定：1）社交退缩的幼儿园儿童在34岁时进入严肃恋爱关系或成为父母的可能性是否低于其他儿童；2）社交退缩的儿童长大后为人父母的方式是否与非退缩个体不同；3）退缩的亚型是否与不同的成年结局相关。按照哈里斯等人（1997年）的方法，558名幼儿园儿童（81%为白人，17%为黑人）被分为五组之一：四组社交退缩组（95名不合群、23名被动焦虑、18名主动孤立、25名悲伤/抑郁）或非退缩组（397名），分组依据是直接观察到的学校行为和教师评分。大约30年后（平均年龄=34.45岁，标准差=0.62岁），参与者自行报告他们的恋爱关系、父母身份以及育儿时的温暖和严厉程度。总体而言，社交退缩儿童组在当前处于恋爱关系或为人父母方面的可能性与非退缩组无异，他们在育儿方面也未报告有任何差异。然而，以冲动和愤怒为特征的主动孤立型社交退缩亚型，与非退缩组相比，当前处于恋爱关系中的可能性较小（B=-1.24，P<0.05）。这项研究表明，美国社交退缩儿童在成年后的恋爱关系和育儿方面与非退缩同龄人情况相似，但主动孤立型儿童亚组可能有无法进入成年恋爱关系的风险。
