Espejo David, Plaza Vicente, Quirce Santiago, Trigueros Juan Antonio, Muñoz Xavier
Department of Pneumology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.
Open Respir Arch. 2025 May 31;7(3):100448. doi: 10.1016/j.opresp.2025.100448. eCollection 2025 Jul-Sep.
Asthma is a chronic lung disease affecting individuals across all age groups, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Exposure to air pollutants is a major factor in both the development and exacerbation of asthma symptoms. This study reviewed the impact of key air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO), particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM) or ≤10 μm (PM), and ozone (O), on asthma outcomes. Our analysis of 20 studies showed significant associations between exposure to these pollutants and increased asthma incidence and prevalence, particularly in children. Specifically, pollutants such as elemental carbon (EC), benzene, NO, PM, and sulfur dioxide (SO) were found to be significantly associated with asthma development in children, while NO and PM were linked to asthma exacerbations in both children and adults. Additionally, hospitalizations and emergency room visits were positively correlated with exposure to PM and O in both children and adults, and the elderly showed significant associations with O exposure. Although asthma-related mortality was not directly linked to specific pollutants, a few studies indicated a broader association between exposure to pollutants like NO and PM and increased overall mortality. These findings highlight the importance of reducing exposure to outdoor air pollutants to mitigate asthma risk and improve public health outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations like children and the elderly.
哮喘是一种影响所有年龄段人群的慢性肺部疾病，会导致严重的发病率和死亡率。接触空气污染物是哮喘症状发生和加重的主要因素。本研究回顾了关键空气污染物，包括二氧化氮（NO）、直径≤2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）或≤10微米的颗粒物（PM10）以及臭氧（O₃）对哮喘相关结果的影响。我们对20项研究的分析表明，接触这些污染物与哮喘发病率和患病率增加之间存在显著关联，尤其是在儿童中。具体而言，发现元素碳（EC）、苯、NO、PM2.5和二氧化硫（SO₂）等污染物与儿童哮喘的发生显著相关，而NO和PM2.5与儿童和成人的哮喘加重均有关联。此外，儿童和成人的住院率和急诊室就诊次数与接触PM2.5和O₃呈正相关，老年人与接触O₃存在显著关联。虽然与哮喘相关的死亡率与特定污染物没有直接联系，但一些研究表明，接触NO和PM2.5等污染物与总体死亡率上升之间存在更广泛的关联。这些发现凸显了减少接触室外空气污染物以降低哮喘风险和改善公共卫生结果的重要性，尤其是在儿童和老年人等弱势群体中。
