Jamora Roland Dominic G, Untalan Liamuel Giancarlo V, Santiago Donna Mae Lyn B, Tan Louis C S
Division of Adult Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan City, Philippines.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2025 Jul 18. doi: 10.1007/s00702-025-02983-3.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia, accompanied by several non-motor symptoms, with cognitive impairment as one of the most debilitating. This narrative review of literature aims to provide a general overview on the defining features, pathologic changes, and management principles of cognitive changes in PD. A literature review was conducted by searching the terms "Cognition" OR "Cognitive Decline", AND "Parkinson's Disease" in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD) have been well-defined with consensus criteria. Recent researches have focused on pathophysiologic changes, identifying patterns of atrophy, as well as corresponding neurochemical insults. These have been primarily targeted in the existing pharmacologic literature, with evidence for non-pharmacologic therapies still lacking. Cognitive changes in PD range from a spectrum of mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) to dementia (PDD). Evidence exists for clinical and pathologic mechanisms which guide current and future therapeutic principles. Current trends of research are focused on the potential of discovering preventive therapies strengthens the need for more high-level evidence in the future.
帕金森病（PD）是一种运动障碍性疾病，其特征为震颤、僵硬和运动迟缓，并伴有多种非运动症状，其中认知障碍是最使人衰弱的症状之一。这篇文献综述旨在对帕金森病认知改变的定义特征、病理变化及管理原则进行概述。通过在PubMed、Scopus和谷歌学术中搜索“认知”或“认知衰退”以及“帕金森病”等关键词进行文献综述。轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）和痴呆（PDD）已通过共识标准得到明确界定。最近的研究集中在病理生理变化、识别萎缩模式以及相应的神经化学损伤方面。这些主要是现有药理学文献的研究目标，非药物治疗的证据仍然缺乏。帕金森病的认知改变范围从轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）到痴呆（PDD）。存在指导当前和未来治疗原则的临床和病理机制的证据。当前的研究趋势集中在发现预防性治疗方法的潜力上，这加强了未来对更多高级别证据的需求。
