Sahoo Sanam Priya, Samal Sasmita, Sahu Roja, Acharya Biswajeet
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Gandhi Nagar Campus, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Med Oncol. 2025 Jul 18;42(8):346. doi: 10.1007/s12032-025-02910-2.
Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common and deadly malignancies globally, with high mortality rates, particularly in advanced stages. Conventional therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, though beneficial, often suffer from drawbacks including systemic toxicity, multidrug resistance, and poor tumor selectivity. Recent progress in nanotechnology has introduced innovative theranostic strategies that integrate diagnosis and treatment using nanoparticle-based platforms. These nanocarriers can be tailored for both passive and active tumor targeting, as well as stimuli-responsive drug release (e.g., pH, redox, and enzymatic triggers), and provide real-time imaging guidance. Novel approaches, such as the use of Fe₃O₄-based photothermal nanoparticles to induce ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death, or polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles to enhance biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy, have demonstrated significant potential in colorectal cancer models. Additionally, hydrogels and biopolymer-based systems offer controlled, localized delivery, reducing systemic exposure and side effects. Imaging-assisted therapies, such as MRI-guided photothermal therapy, further refine precision treatment. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, nanoparticle clearance, biological barrier penetration, and clinical scalability remain to be addressed. This review discusses the latest advancements in nanoparticle-mediated colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy, while also outlining key translational barriers and future directions toward clinically viable nanomedicine strategies.
结直肠癌仍然是全球最常见且致命的恶性肿瘤之一，死亡率很高，尤其是在晚期。手术、化疗和放疗等传统疗法虽然有益，但往往存在全身毒性、多药耐药性和肿瘤选择性差等缺点。纳米技术的最新进展引入了创新的诊疗策略，即使用基于纳米颗粒的平台整合诊断和治疗。这些纳米载体可以针对被动和主动肿瘤靶向进行定制，以及刺激响应性药物释放（例如，pH、氧化还原和酶触发），并提供实时成像指导。新方法，如使用基于Fe₃O₄的光热纳米颗粒诱导铁死亡和免疫原性细胞死亡，或负载多酚的纳米颗粒增强生物相容性和治疗效果，在结直肠癌模型中已显示出巨大潜力。此外，水凝胶和基于生物聚合物的系统提供可控的局部递送，减少全身暴露和副作用。成像辅助疗法，如MRI引导的光热疗法，进一步提高了精准治疗水平。然而，肿瘤异质性、纳米颗粒清除、生物屏障穿透和临床可扩展性等挑战仍有待解决。本综述讨论了纳米颗粒介导的结直肠癌诊断和治疗的最新进展，同时还概述了关键的转化障碍以及朝着临床可行的纳米医学策略发展的未来方向。
