Liu Yanjing, Xu Jing, Guo Yuanqiang
State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Sep;321(Pt 1):146081. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.146081. Epub 2025 Jul 16.
Natural polysaccharides have emerged as transformative materials in the development of nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) for cancer therapy, leveraging their intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradability, and multifaceted capabilities. This comprehensive review systematically explores the dual role of polysaccharides: not only as versatile structural frameworks for NDDS but also as bioactive agents possessing inherent immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, and antiviral properties. Advanced fabrication techniques, including crosslinking, self-assembly, and stimuli-responsive engineering (e.g., pH-, enzyme-, and redox-triggered systems), enable precise spatiotemporal control over drug release within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Functional innovations, such as the integration of magnetic nanoparticles into polysaccharide hydrogels, further enhance targeted delivery while concurrently facilitating imaging capabilities, thus exemplifying the convergence of theranostics and biomimetic design. Clinically, polysaccharide-based NDDS have demonstrated significant translational potential, with approved agents contributing to improved therapeutic outcomes in gastrointestinal and various other solid tumors. Despite these remarkable advancements, persistent challenges related to scalability, regulatory alignment, and the precision of tumor-specific drug release remain critical barriers to widespread clinical adoption. Future progress in this field is anticipated to hinge upon intensified interdisciplinary collaboration, the strategic application of AI-guided material optimization, and the design of modular biomimetic architectures to ultimately realize personalized and highly precise cancer therapies.
天然多糖已成为癌症治疗纳米药物递送系统（NDDS）开发中的变革性材料，利用其固有的生物相容性、生物降解性和多方面的能力。这篇综述系统地探讨了多糖的双重作用：不仅作为NDDS的通用结构框架，而且作为具有固有免疫调节、抗癌和抗病毒特性的生物活性剂。先进的制造技术，包括交联、自组装和刺激响应工程（如pH、酶和氧化还原触发系统），能够在复杂的肿瘤微环境（TME）中对药物释放进行精确的时空控制。功能创新，如将磁性纳米颗粒整合到多糖水凝胶中，进一步增强靶向递送，同时促进成像能力，从而体现了治疗诊断学与仿生设计的融合。临床上，基于多糖的NDDS已显示出显著的转化潜力，已获批的药物有助于改善胃肠道和其他各种实体瘤的治疗效果。尽管取得了这些显著进展，但与可扩展性、监管一致性以及肿瘤特异性药物释放的精确性相关的持续挑战仍然是广泛临床应用的关键障碍。预计该领域未来的进展将取决于加强跨学科合作、人工智能引导的材料优化的战略应用以及模块化仿生架构的设计，以最终实现个性化和高精度的癌症治疗。
