Janavičiūtė-Pužauskė Jovita, Petrolienė Raimonda, Zajančkauskaitė-Staskevičienė Loreta, Paulauskas Andrius, Šinkariova Liuda
Department of Psychology, Vytautas Magnus University, Jonavos g. 66, Kaunas, 44138, Lithuania.
Department of Health Psychology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, Kaunas, 47181, Lithuania.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 18;13(1):805. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03135-8.
This study aims to determine whether cognitive training based on an egocentric perspective leads to greater improvements in target functions compared to training using an allocentric perspective or conventional rehabilitation. Additionally, it seeks to examine whether egocentric perspective-based training enhances the near transfer effect, resulting in improved other cognitive functions compared to allocentric perspective-based training and conventional rehabilitation.
132 stroke patients (65.9% males) aged 31 to 83 (mean age 62.54 ± 10.62) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: allocentric (N = 40) or egocentric perspective-based (N = 46) selective visual attention and short-term visual memory training and control (conventional rehabilitation) group (N = 46). Evaluations were performed before (at the beginning of rehabilitation for control group) and after the intervention (two weeks after pre-test for control group). The target functions included the changes in short-term visual memory, visual-spatial attention, attention-orientation, while near transfer effect included the changes in visuo-construction abilities, task switching, verbal memory, verbal fluency, language, visuo-spatial abilities, general cognitive function. To investigate how different perspectives affect selective visual attention and short-term visual memory training and near-transfer effect over time, while accounting for baseline cognitive scores, were conducted mixed repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA (controlled for age, years of education, lesion location, and days since stroke). A priori power analysis and effect sizes using Cohen's d for matched pairs were calculated.
The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation tasks based on egocentric perspective in combination to conventional rehabilitation are effective in improving attention-orientation and cause near transfer effect on spatial abilities and general cognitive functioning. While tasks based on allocentric perspective in combination to conventional rehabilitation are effective in improving short-term visual memory and cause near transfer effect on spatial abilities.
The cognitive improvements and near-transfer effects observed in our results indicate that combining conventional rehabilitation with tasks based on egocentric and allocentric perspectives integrated in virtual reality environments can enhance rehabilitation effectiveness. However, further studies are required to confirm the generalizability of these findings.
The present study, along with its protocol, was retrospectively registered in the ISRCTN clinical trial registry on January 3, 2024 ( https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14922230 ).
本研究旨在确定与采用他我视角训练或传统康复训练相比，基于自我视角的认知训练是否能使目标功能得到更大改善。此外，研究还试图检验基于自我视角的训练是否能增强近迁移效应，从而与基于他我视角的训练和传统康复训练相比，改善其他认知功能。
132名年龄在31至83岁（平均年龄62.54±10.62）的住院康复中风患者（男性占65.9%）被随机分配到三组之一：他我组（N = 40）、基于自我视角组（N = 46）进行选择性视觉注意和短期视觉记忆训练，以及对照组（传统康复组，N = 46）。在干预前（对照组在康复开始时）和干预后（对照组在预测试后两周）进行评估。目标功能包括短期视觉记忆、视觉空间注意、注意定向的变化，而近迁移效应包括视觉构建能力、任务切换、言语记忆、言语流畅性、语言、视觉空间能力、一般认知功能的变化。为了研究不同视角如何随时间影响选择性视觉注意和短期视觉记忆训练以及近迁移效应，同时考虑基线认知分数，进行了混合重复测量方差分析和协方差分析（控制年龄、受教育年限、病变位置和中风后的天数）。计算了先验功效分析和使用Cohen's d的配对效应量。
结果表明，基于自我视角的认知康复任务与传统康复相结合，在改善注意定向方面有效，并对空间能力和一般认知功能产生近迁移效应。而基于他我视角的任务与传统康复相结合，在改善短期视觉记忆方面有效，并对空间能力产生近迁移效应。
我们的研究结果中观察到的认知改善和近迁移效应表明，将传统康复与虚拟现实环境中基于自我和他我视角的任务相结合，可以提高康复效果。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这些发现的普遍性。
本研究及其方案于2024年1月3日在ISRCTN临床试验注册中心进行了回顾性注册（https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14922230）。
