Yang Dan-Dan, Huang Hao-Zhou, Chen Xin-Ming, Huang Lin, He Ya-Nan, Wu Zhen-Feng, Bao Xiao-Ming, Zhang Ding-Kun, Yang Ming
Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Ministry of Education,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004,China.
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources,School of Pharmacy,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2025 Jun;50(11):3001-3012. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20250313.302.
To explore the variation laws of volatile oil during the extraction process of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and its impact on the quality of the medicinal solution, as well as to achieve precise control of the extraction process, this study employed headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) in combination with multiple light scattering techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis, identification, and characterization of the changes in volatile components and the physical properties of the medicinal solution during the extraction process. A total of 82 volatile compounds were identified using the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique, including 21 alcohols, 15 alkenes, 14 ketones, 9 acids, 6 aldehydes, 5 phenols, 3 esters, and 9 other types of compounds. At different extraction time points(15, 30, 45, and 60 min), 71, 72, 64, and 44 compounds were identified in the medicinal solution, respectively. It was observed that the content of volatile components gradually decreased with the extension of extraction time. Through multivariate statistical analysis, four compounds with significant differences during different extraction time intervals were identified, namely 1,8-cineole, terpinen-4-ol, 3-octanone, and camphor. RESULTS:: from multiple light scattering techniques indicated that at 15 minutes of extraction, the transmittance of the medicinal solution was the lowest(25%), the particle size was the largest(0.325-0.350 nm), and the stability index(turbiscan stability index, TSI) was the highest(0-2.5). With the extension of extraction time, the light transmittance of the medicinal solution improved, stability was enhanced, and the particle size decreased. These laws of physicochemical property changes provide important basis for the control of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction process. In addition, the changes in the bioactivity of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts during the extraction process were investigated through mouse writhing tests and antimicrobial assays. The results indicated that the analgesic and antimicrobial effects of the medicinal solution were strongest at the 15-minute extracting point. In summary, the findings of this study demonstrate that the content of volatile oil in Artemisiae Argyi Folium extracts gradually decreases with the extension of extraction time, and the variation in volatile oil content directly influences the physicochemical properties and pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal solution. This discovery provides important scientific reference for the optimization of Artemisiae Argyi Folium extraction processes and the development and application of process analytical technologies.
为探究艾叶提取过程中挥发油的变化规律及其对药液质量的影响，实现提取过程的精准控制，本研究采用顶空固相微萃取气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术（HS - SPME - GC - MS）结合多重光散射技术，对提取过程中挥发性成分的变化及药液的物理性质进行全面分析、鉴定和表征。通过HS - SPME - GC - MS技术共鉴定出82种挥发性化合物，包括21种醇类、15种烯烃类、14种酮类、9种酸类、6种醛类、5种酚类、3种酯类以及9种其他类型的化合物。在不同提取时间点（15、30、45和60分钟），药液中分别鉴定出71、72、64和44种化合物。结果表明，挥发性成分的含量随提取时间的延长逐渐降低。通过多元统计分析，确定了在不同提取时间间隔内有显著差异的4种化合物，即1,8 - 桉叶素、松油醇 - 4、3 - 辛酮和樟脑。多重光散射技术的结果表明，在提取15分钟时，药液的透光率最低（25%），粒径最大（0.325 - 0.350纳米），稳定性指数（turbiscan稳定性指数，TSI）最高（0 - 2.5）。随着提取时间的延长，药液的透光率提高，稳定性增强，粒径减小。这些理化性质变化规律为艾叶提取过程的控制提供了重要依据。此外，通过小鼠扭体试验和抗菌试验研究了艾叶提取物在提取过程中生物活性的变化。结果表明，药液在提取15分钟时的镇痛和抗菌效果最强。综上所述，本研究结果表明，艾叶提取物中挥发油含量随提取时间的延长逐渐降低，挥发油含量的变化直接影响药液的理化性质和药理药效。这一发现为优化艾叶提取工艺及过程分析技术的开发应用提供了重要的科学参考。
