Suzuki Takakuni, Menkes Margo W, McInnis Melvin G, Kang Jian, Niendam Tara A, Walton Maureen A, Deldin Patricia J, Tso Ivy F, Taylor Stephan F
Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci. 2025 May 27;5(5):100540. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100540. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) and bipolar spectrum disorder (BD) have traditionally been treated as different conditions but share many characteristics, including cognitive control deficits. Electroencephalogram (EEG) indicators of response monitoring, including error-related negativity (ERN) and theta-band activities (4-8 Hz), have been proposed as transdiagnostic indicators of cognitive control. Research has found that the ERN and theta power are blunted in SZ, but findings have been less consistent in BD. Individuals with SZ and BD also show difficulty in emotional contexts. However, no research has investigated response-monitoring theta activities in SZ and BD concurrently or in emotional contexts.
Data were collected from 32 participants with SZ, 33 participants with BD, and 33 healthy control (HC) participants. EEG was recorded while participants completed 3 modified flanker tasks using arrow, unpleasant, and pleasant stimuli. Effects of group and task on postresponse event-related potentials (ERN, correct-related negativity), theta total power, and theta intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) were investigated using mixed analysis of covariance, controlling for age and accuracy.
The SZ group did not show the ERN modulation by task that was found in the HC and BD groups. The SZ group showed attenuated theta power across all tasks, and the BD group showed attenuated power only on error trials with unpleasant stimuli. Both SZ and BD groups showed emotional modulation for theta ITPC. Theta power was correlated across tasks, suggesting that it is task invariant, while ITPC was not, suggesting that it is task-specific.
SZ and BD show different effects of emotional stimuli on cognitive control. To elucidate similarities and differences, concurrent data collection from individuals with SZ and BD across contexts is needed.
精神分裂症谱系障碍（SZ）和双相谱系障碍（BD）传统上被视为不同的病症，但具有许多共同特征，包括认知控制缺陷。脑电图（EEG）反应监测指标，包括错误相关负波（ERN）和θ频段活动（4 - 8赫兹），已被提议作为认知控制的跨诊断指标。研究发现，SZ患者的ERN和θ功率减弱，但BD患者的研究结果不太一致。SZ和BD患者在情绪情境中也存在困难。然而，尚无研究同时调查SZ和BD患者在情绪情境中的反应监测θ活动。
收集了32名SZ患者、33名BD患者和33名健康对照（HC）参与者的数据。在参与者使用箭头、不愉快和愉快刺激完成3项改良侧翼任务时记录脑电图。使用协方差混合分析研究组和任务对反应后事件相关电位（ERN、正确相关负波）、θ总功率和θ试验间相位相干性（ITPC）的影响，并控制年龄和准确性。
SZ组未表现出HC组和BD组中发现的任务对ERN的调节作用。SZ组在所有任务中θ功率均减弱，BD组仅在使用不愉快刺激的错误试验中功率减弱。SZ组和BD组在θ ITPC上均表现出情绪调节。θ功率在各任务间具有相关性，表明它是任务不变的，而ITPC则不然，表明它是任务特异性的。
SZ和BD在情绪刺激对认知控制的影响方面表现不同。为了阐明异同，需要同时收集SZ和BD患者在不同情境下的数据。
