Awewomom Jonathan, Arhin Theresa Yvonne, Takyi Yaw Doudu, Gyasi Yaw Agyei, Saaka Janet, Opoku Francis, Tandoh Marina Aferiba, Amankwah Emmanuel Adu, Akoto Osei
Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Environ Health Insights. 2025 Jul 17;19:11786302251350482. doi: 10.1177/11786302251350482. eCollection 2025.
This present study investigated the presence, levels and health impact of some trace elements in rice sold on some Ghanaian markets using an Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analysis with the ICP-MS revealed that, the concentration of essential and non-essential metals followed the order: S > K > P > Mg > Ca > Si > Na > Zn > Mn > Al > Fe > Bi > Cu > Sn > B > Mo > As > Ba > Sb > Ni > Sr > Co > V > Ti > Be > Pb > Cd > Li > Zr > Ag > Y respectively. The results showed that rice for sale on Ghanaian markets are rich sources of S, K, Mg and Ca with moderate levels of essential minerals like Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. The health impact assessment revealed all samples for population categories recorded hazard quotients greater than 1 for As and P. This implies that As and P could accumulate and adversely affect the health of Ghanaian children, adolescents, adults and the aged. The likely cancer risk (LCR) estimated from this study revealed that in children, adolescents, adults and the aged, As, Pb, Ni and Cd could individually and in combined accumulated concentrations induce carcinogenicity to consumers in Ghana overtime, since their LCR and Total Likely Cancer Risk (TLCR) exceeded the maximum safe limit of 1 × 10. A bioavailability study is recommended to determine the exact levels of these toxic substances in the body system of consumers to help formulate policies to protect the health of rice consumers in Ghana. Future studies could incorporate a broader dietary exposure assessment and investigate potential mitigating factors, such as rice preparation methods, that could reduce toxic metal concentrations.
本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS），对加纳一些市场上销售的大米中某些微量元素的存在情况、含量水平及其对健康的影响进行了调查。通过ICP-MS分析发现，必需金属和非必需金属的浓度顺序为：硫＞钾＞磷＞镁＞钙＞硅＞钠＞锌＞锰＞铝＞铁＞铋＞铜＞锡＞硼＞钼＞砷＞钡＞锑＞镍＞锶＞钴＞钒＞钛＞铍＞铅＞镉＞锂＞锆＞银＞钇。结果表明，加纳市场上销售的大米富含硫、钾、镁和钙，同时含有适量的必需矿物质，如铁、锰、锌和铜。健康影响评估显示，所有人群类别的样本中，砷和磷的危害商数均大于1。这意味着砷和磷可能会在加纳儿童、青少年、成年人和老年人体内蓄积，并对他们的健康产生不利影响。本研究估计的可能致癌风险（LCR）表明，在儿童、青少年、成年人和老年人中，砷、铅、镍和镉单独或累积浓度可能会随着时间的推移对加纳消费者诱发致癌性，因为它们的LCR和总可能致癌风险（TLCR）超过了1×10的最大安全限值。建议开展生物可利用性研究，以确定这些有毒物质在消费者体内系统的确切水平，从而帮助制定政策保护加纳大米消费者的健康。未来的研究可以纳入更广泛的饮食暴露评估，并调查潜在的缓解因素，如大米的制备方法，这些因素可能会降低有毒金属的浓度。
