Hailu Andinet Abera, Thornhill Stephen, Lahiff Edward
Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
University College Cork Cork Ireland.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jul 18;13(7):e70633. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70633. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Food insecurity and inadequate dietary diversity worsen undernutrition in Ethiopia, hindering progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals and the Seqota Declaration's objective to eliminate hunger and chronic undernutrition by 2030. This study investigates the prevalence and causes of household food insecurity and dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in the Seqota Declaration pilot woredas of the Tekeze River basin, situated in the Amhara and Tigray regions. A cross-sectional survey conducted from March to April 2018 sampled 2036 households across 13 Seqota Declaration woredas. Food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP) scale. Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) was evaluated for 642 PLW. Logistic and Poisson regression models identified predictors of food insecurity and dietary diversity, respectively. More than half of households in Tigray (55.0%) and Amhara (59.5%) experienced moderate to severe food insecurity. Only 7% of pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in Tigray and 10% in Amhara met the minimum dietary diversity requirements. Older household heads and those with lower wealth status faced a higher risk of food insecurity. Increased livestock ownership, improved land and water management practices, and greater production diversity were linked to lower odds of food insecurity. A larger land size (adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) 1.04 per hectare, = 0.017) and higher wealth status (AIRR 1.19 for the wealthiest quintile (Q5), = 0.043; AIRR 1.17 for Q4, = 0.044) improved Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS). Seqota Declaration interventions should prioritize asset building, crop diversification, and improved land and water management to increase food security and dietary diversity. More research is needed to determine how market food availability, affordability, and recent events, such as conflicts and droughts, impact these predictors.
在埃塞俄比亚，粮食不安全和饮食多样性不足使营养不良问题更加严重，阻碍了该国在实现可持续发展目标以及《塞霍塔宣言》中到2030年消除饥饿和慢性营养不良目标方面取得进展。本研究调查了位于阿姆哈拉和提格雷地区的特克泽河流域《塞霍塔宣言》试点县的孕妇和哺乳期妇女（PLW）家庭粮食不安全和饮食多样性的患病率及成因。2018年3月至4月进行的一项横断面调查对13个《塞霍塔宣言》县的2036户家庭进行了抽样。使用家庭粮食不安全获取量表（HFIAS）和家庭充足粮食供应月数（MAHFP）量表评估粮食不安全状况。对642名孕妇和哺乳期妇女的妇女饮食多样性得分（WDDS）进行了评估。逻辑回归模型和泊松回归模型分别确定了粮食不安全和饮食多样性的预测因素。提格雷地区超过一半（55.0%）的家庭以及阿姆哈拉地区（59.5%）的家庭经历了中度至重度粮食不安全。提格雷地区只有7%的孕妇和哺乳期妇女以及阿姆哈拉地区10%的此类妇女达到了最低饮食多样性要求。年龄较大的户主和财富状况较低的家庭面临更高的粮食不安全风险。牲畜拥有量增加、土地和水资源管理做法改善以及生产多样性提高与粮食不安全几率降低有关。更大的土地面积（调整发病率比（AIRR）为每公顷1.04，=0.017）和更高的财富状况（最富裕五分之一人群（Q5）的AIRR为1.19，=0.043；Q4的AIRR为1.17，=0.044）提高了妇女饮食多样性得分（WDDS）。《塞霍塔宣言》的干预措施应优先考虑资产建设、作物多样化以及改善土地和水资源管理，以提高粮食安全和饮食多样性。需要开展更多研究，以确定市场粮食供应情况、可负担性以及冲突和干旱等近期事件如何影响这些预测因素。
