流行病学研究中的抽样：问题、风险与陷阱。
Sampling in epidemiological research: issues, hazards and pitfalls.
作者信息
Tyrer Stephen, Heyman Bob
机构信息
Newcastle University, UK.
University of Huddersfield, UK.
出版信息
BJPsych Bull. 2016 Apr;40(2):57-60. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.114.050203.
Abstract
Surveys of people's opinions are fraught with difficulties. It is easier to obtain information from those who respond to text messages or to emails than to attempt to obtain a representative sample. Samples of the population that are selected non-randomly in this way are termed convenience samples as they are easy to recruit. This introduces a sampling bias. Such non-probability samples have merit in many situations, but an epidemiological enquiry is of little value unless a random sample is obtained. If a sufficient number of those selected actually complete a survey, the results are likely to be representative of the population. This editorial describes probability and non-probability sampling methods and illustrates the difficulties and suggested solutions in performing accurate epidemiological research.
摘要
对人们的意见进行调查充满困难。从回复短信或电子邮件的人那里获取信息，要比试图获得一个具有代表性的样本更容易。以这种方式非随机选择的人群样本被称为便利样本，因为它们易于招募。这就引入了抽样偏差。这种非概率样本在许多情况下都有其优点，但除非获得随机样本，否则流行病学调查几乎没有价值。如果足够数量的被选中者实际完成了调查，结果可能会代表总体。这篇社论描述了概率抽样和非概率抽样方法，并说明了在进行准确的流行病学研究时所面临的困难及建议的解决方案。
相似文献
1
Sampling in epidemiological research: issues, hazards and pitfalls.流行病学研究中的抽样：问题、风险与陷阱。
BJPsych Bull. 2016 Apr;40(2):57-60. doi: 10.1192/pb.bp.114.050203.
2
Sampling in epidemiological research: a case study of the prevalence of brucellosis in Saudi Arabia.流行病学研究中的抽样：沙特阿拉伯布鲁氏菌病患病率的案例研究。
J R Soc Health. 1992 Aug;112(4):172-6. doi: 10.1177/146642409211200405.
3
Epidemiological methods for research with drug misusers: review of methods for studying prevalence and morbidity.
Rev Saude Publica. 1999 Apr;33(2):206-15. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101999000200013.
4
Survey sampling issues in primary care research.基层医疗研究中的抽样调查问题。
Fam Med. 1991 Sep-Oct;23(7):539-43.
5
Nonprobability Web surveys to measure sexual behaviors and attitudes in the general population: a comparison with a probability sample interview survey.用于测量普通人群性行为和态度的非概率网络调查：与概率抽样访谈调查的比较。
J Med Internet Res. 2014 Dec 8;16(12):e276. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3382.
6
[A comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling].[便利抽样与立意抽样的比较]
Hu Li Za Zhi. 2014 Jun;61(3):105-11. doi: 10.6224/JN.61.3.105.
7
Occupancy modeling species-environment relationships with non-ignorable survey designs. occupancy 建模物种-环境关系与不可忽略的调查设计。
Ecol Appl. 2018 Sep;28(6):1616-1625. doi: 10.1002/eap.1754. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
8
Why sample selection matters in exploratory factor analysis: implications for the 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.为什么样本选择在探索性因素分析中很重要：对世界卫生组织残疾评估量表2.0（12项）的启示
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017 Mar 11;17(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0309-5.
9
Applying sample survey methods to clinical trials data.将抽样调查方法应用于临床试验数据。
Stat Med. 2001;20(17-18):2609-23. doi: 10.1002/sim.732.
10
Developing a representative community health survey sampling frame using open-source remote satellite imagery in Mozambique.利用开源远程卫星图像在莫桑比克开发具有代表性的社区健康调查抽样框架。
Int J Health Geogr. 2018 Oct 29;17(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12942-018-0158-4.
引用本文的文献
1
Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression in Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Heart Failure Patients.社区居家心力衰竭患者照料者的生活质量、焦虑和抑郁状况
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Aug 13;13(16):1986. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13161986.
2
Increasing Rigor in Online Health Surveys Through the Reduction of Fraudulent Data.通过减少欺诈性数据提高在线健康调查的严谨性。
J Med Internet Res. 2025 Aug 21;27:e68092. doi: 10.2196/68092.
3
Household Food Insecurity and Women's Dietary Diversity in Seqota Declaration Pilot Woredas Across the Tekeze River Basin of Amhara and Tigray Regions.阿姆哈拉和提格雷地区特克泽河流域《塞科塔宣言》试点行政区的家庭粮食不安全状况与妇女饮食多样性
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jul 18;13(7):e70633. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70633. eCollection 2025 Jul.
4
Depression and Anxiety in Older Adults: A Comparison Between Online Convenience and Conventional Representative Sampling.老年人的抑郁与焦虑：在线便利抽样与传统代表性抽样的比较
Depress Anxiety. 2025 Jul 1;2025:2522358. doi: 10.1155/da/2522358. eCollection 2025.
5
Prescribing preoperative weight loss prior to major non-bariatric surgery for patients with elevated weight: a national provider survey (PREPARE provider survey).对体重超标的患者在进行非减重重大手术前开具术前减重处方：一项全国医疗服务提供者调查（PREPARE医疗服务提供者调查）。
Front Surg. 2025 Mar 28;12:1529116. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1529116. eCollection 2025.
6
Disparities in self-reported mental health, physical health, and substance use across sexual orientations in Canada.加拿大不同性取向人群在自我报告的心理健康、身体健康和物质使用方面的差异。
PLoS One. 2025 Mar 17;20(3):e0305019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305019. eCollection 2025.
7
Moving Beyond the Checklist-An Enhanced Approach to Context-Driven Overuse Injury Prevention in Overhead Youth Athletes.超越清单——一种针对青少年上肢运动员情境驱动的过度使用损伤预防的强化方法。
J Clin Med. 2025 Feb 3;14(3):971. doi: 10.3390/jcm14030971.
8
Changes in pressure distribution of the solar surface after a single trimming event are associated with external hoof measurements in the equine fore foot.单次修剪事件后马前足太阳表面压力分布的变化与外部蹄部测量值相关。
Equine Vet J. 2025 Sep;57(5):1255-1264. doi: 10.1111/evj.14463. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
9
Factors influencing malnutrition among adolescent girls in The Gambia: a mixed-methods exploratory study.冈比亚青春期女孩营养不良的影响因素：一项混合方法探索性研究。
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 8;25(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21242-w.
10
The moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms.正念在孤独与抑郁症状关系中的调节作用。
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):30807. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81462-3.
本文引用的文献
1
Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.全球 33588 名囚犯中严重的精神疾病：系统评价和荟萃回归分析。
Br J Psychiatry. 2012 May;200(5):364-73. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.096370.
2
Large scale questionnaire survey on respiratory health in Sweden: effects of late- and non-response.瑞典大规模呼吸系统健康问卷调查：迟报和漏报的影响。
Respir Med. 2009 Dec;103(12):1807-15. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.07.014. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
3
The psychiatric status schedule. A technique for evaluating psychopathology and impairment in role functioning.精神状态检查表。一种评估精神病理学和角色功能损害的技术。
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1970 Jul;23(1):41-55. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750010043009.
Zotero 插件