Sigudu Themba Titus, Oguttu James W, Qekwana Daniel N
Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Division of Health and Society, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Vet World. 2025 Jun;18(6):1421-1432. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.1421-1432. Epub 2025 Jun 6.
The rising burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in veterinary medicine poses significant threats to animal and public health. In South Africa, inadequate surveillance exacerbates the challenge, particularly regarding spp. infections in companion animals. This study aimed to investigate the patterns and predictors of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) in isolated from dogs between 2012 and 2017.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 1627 isolates. Data regarding animal demographics and antimicrobial susceptibility were extracted, cleaned, and analyzed. Intermediate susceptibility results were classified as resistant. AMR was defined as resistance to at least one antimicrobial from one class and MDR as resistance to antimicrobials from three or more classes. Descriptive statistics, Cochran-Armitage trend analysis, and binary logistic regression models were employed to assess trends and predictors of AMR and MDR.
Overall, 61.2% of isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial, and 39.0% were classified as MDR. The highest resistance was observed against penicillins (39.64%), followed by aminoglycosides (22.31%). Significant predictors of AMR included species, specimen type, and year of isolation, while MDR was significantly associated with specimen type and the age of the dog. Notably, showed a markedly higher likelihood of resistance (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 2.23, p < 0.001) compared to other species. Temporal trends indicated a decrease in AMR but an increase in MDR across the study period.
The high prevalence of AMR and MDR among canine isolates, particularly in skin infections and among younger dogs, underscores the urgent need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship, enhance surveillance systems, and target interventions in veterinary practice. These findings serve as critical baseline data for future assessments of AMR trends and can be used to inform strategies to mitigate the dissemination of resistant pathogens between animals and humans.
兽医学中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）负担的不断增加对动物和公共卫生构成了重大威胁。在南非，监测不足加剧了这一挑战，尤其是在伴侣动物的 属感染方面。本研究旨在调查 2012 年至 2017 年间从犬类分离出的 中 AMR 和多重耐药性（MDR）的模式及预测因素。
对 1627 株 分离株进行了回顾性横断面研究。提取、清理并分析了有关动物人口统计学和抗菌药物敏感性的数据。中度敏感性结果归类为耐药。AMR 定义为对至少一类中的一种抗菌药物耐药，MDR 定义为对三类或更多类抗菌药物耐药。采用描述性统计、 Cochr an - Armitage 趋势分析和二元逻辑回归模型来评估 AMR 和 MDR 的趋势及预测因素。
总体而言，61.2%的分离株对至少一种抗菌药物耐药，39.0%被归类为 MDR。观察到对青霉素的耐药率最高（39.64%），其次是氨基糖苷类（22.31%）。AMR 的显著预测因素包括 属物种、标本类型和分离年份，而 MDR 与标本类型和犬的年龄显著相关。值得注意的是，与其他物种相比， 显示出明显更高的耐药可能性（调整后的优势比 = 2.23，p < 0.001）。时间趋势表明，在整个研究期间 AMR 有所下降，但 MDR 有所增加。
犬类 分离株中 AMR 和 MDR 的高流行率，特别是在皮肤感染和幼犬中，凸显了加强抗菌药物管理、完善监测系统以及在兽医实践中针对性干预的迫切需求。这些发现是未来 AMR 趋势评估的关键基线数据，可用于为减轻耐药病原体在动物和人类之间传播的策略提供信息。
