Adamčíková Katarína, Kiran Munazza, Caboň Miroslav, Matheny Brandon P, Sánchez-García Marisol, Arnolds Eef, Caboňová Michaela, Corriol Gilles, Dima Bálint, Friebes Gernot, Griffith Gareth W, Grootmyers Django, Harries David, Karich Alexander, Mešić Armin, Mihaljevič Martin, Moreau Pierre-Arthur, Pošta Ana, Shapkin Vasilii, Tkalčec Zdenko, Vizzini Alfredo, Vondrovicová Lenka, Adamčík Slavomir, Jančovičová Soňa
Department of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen, Akademická 2, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Nitra Slovakia.
Laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Mycology, Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia Slovak Academy of Sciences Bratislava Slovakia.
IMA Fungus. 2025 Jul 10;16:e157337. doi: 10.3897/imafungus.16.157337. eCollection 2025.
is traditionally known as a small genus of agarics classified in the family . This study implemented a multilocus phylogeny of six DNA regions to recognize phylogenetic species within the genus. The species concept is reinforced by observations of well-defined morphological characters enhanced by long term sampling effort in Europe and North America. Thirty European species are described, including 16 new species from Europe and three from North American. These species are classified into two subgenera morphologically distinguished by spores with positive or negative amyloid reaction. A new genus is introduced for the -like species . Localized or continental-scale species endemicity was confirmed based on studied material, but more inclusive phylogenetic clustering supported a mixture of North American species among the European clades. Of the 22 names validly published from Europe prior to this study, 11 could be assigned to well-defined species recognized here. Of the remaining 11 names, two were considered representing species not recorded since their description, and nine were established as later synonyms of other species. Morphological studies of are challenging due to the relatively low number of characters suitable for identification of species. The majority of morphological characters showed continuous variation with high overlap throughout the genus. For this reason, species identification requires an awareness of morphological variability within species, and multiple distinguishing characters need to be combined, and furthermore, often a barcode sequence is needed for a certain identification. Stable isotope analysis in of δC and δN revealed an ecological signature similar to known CHEGD fungi, i.e. and s.l. This indicates that species are biotrophic but neither ectomycorrhizal nor saprotrophic and may form mutualistic root endophytic associations with vascular plants.
传统上被认为是伞菌科中的一个小属。本研究对六个DNA区域进行了多位点系统发育分析，以识别该属内的系统发育物种。通过在欧洲和北美长期采样所获得的明确形态特征观察，强化了物种概念。描述了30个欧洲物种，包括16个来自欧洲的新物种和3个来自北美的新物种。这些物种被分为两个亚属，在形态上以孢子具有阳性或阴性淀粉质反应来区分。为类似[属名]的物种引入了一个新属。基于所研究的材料证实了局部或大陆尺度的物种特有性，但更全面的系统发育聚类支持欧洲分支中存在北美物种的混合情况。在本研究之前从欧洲有效发表的22个名称中，11个可以被归入这里所认可的明确的[属名]物种。在其余的11个名称中，两个被认为代表自描述以来未被记录的[属名]物种，九个被确定为其他物种的晚出同义词。对[属名]的形态学研究具有挑战性，因为适合鉴定物种的特征数量相对较少。大多数形态特征在整个属内呈现连续变化且高度重叠。因此，物种鉴定需要了解物种内的形态变异性，需要结合多个区分特征，而且通常还需要条形码序列才能进行准确鉴定。对[属名]的δC和δN稳定同位素分析揭示了一种与已知的CHEGD真菌（即[相关真菌类群1]和[相关真菌类群2]狭义概念）相似的生态特征。这表明[属名]物种是生物营养型的，但既不是外生菌根菌也不是腐生菌，可能与维管植物形成互利的根内生菌关联。
