Chengappa S Kavery, Rao Ashwini, Holla Sowmya R, Shenoy Ramya, Pai B H Mithun, Jodalli Praveen, Avinash B R
Department of Public Health Dentistry Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, Karnataka, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 22;15(1):26535. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12748-3.
The regular use of toothpastes containing metals has been shown to be a formidable threat because of their ability to bioaccumulate and reach toxic proportions, affecting people's health and the environment. While studies have evaluated the presence of metals in toothpaste across different countries, a paucity of studies in India fostered a need to identify the presence of the metals arsenic, lead, copper and zinc in over-the-counter toothpastes. The 20 most sold toothpastes were selected from Indian e-commerce platforms and prepared following quality control measures. The samples were then subjected to flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) to determine the presence and concentrations of these metals. The individual toothpaste samples presented the highest concentrations of 0.5371 mg/L arsenic, 0.0620 mg/L copper, 0.0544 mg/L lead and 7.4224 mg/L zinc. Although the concentrations of lead, copper and zinc were found to be below the permissible limits in all the toothpaste samples, the arsenic concentration of one sample exceeded the European Union (EU) standard. Arsenic, which has the potential to cause neural and gastrointestinal disorders, needs to be strictly monitored in toothpaste samples. Considering these findings, there is a need for consistent global guidelines on permissible amounts of metals in toothpastes, with a determined intention toward their implementation.
由于含金属牙膏具有生物累积并达到有毒比例的能力，会影响人们的健康和环境，因此经常使用此类牙膏已被证明是一个巨大的威胁。虽然已有研究评估了不同国家牙膏中金属的存在情况，但印度在此方面的研究较少，这促使人们需要确定非处方牙膏中砷、铅、铜和锌等金属的存在情况。从印度电子商务平台挑选了20种销量最高的牙膏，并按照质量控制措施进行制备。然后对样品进行火焰原子吸收光谱法（AAS），以确定这些金属的存在及其浓度。各牙膏样品中砷的最高浓度为0.5371毫克/升，铜为0.0620毫克/升，铅为0.0544毫克/升，锌为7.4224毫克/升。虽然在所有牙膏样品中发现铅、铜和锌的浓度均低于允许限值，但有一个样品的砷浓度超过了欧盟标准。砷有可能导致神经和胃肠道疾病，因此需要对牙膏样品进行严格监测。考虑到这些发现，有必要制定全球统一的牙膏金属允许含量指南，并坚定执行这些指南的决心。
