Chen Fu, Pan Xuyue, Luo Zhanbin, Duan Xueying, Zou Ming, Ma Jing
School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211000, China; Observation Research Station of Land Ecology and Land Use in the Yangtze River Delta, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210009, China.
School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211000, China.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Jul 19;383:126847. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126847.
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid industrial and agriculture expansion. Although nanoparticles (NPs) and plant growth-promoting rhizo-bacteria (PGPR) are the major protectants to alleviate metal toxicity. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions by using sand, mixed with different levels of Cd i.e., 0, 50, and 100 mg kg together with the application of FeO-NPs (50 and 100 mg L) and B. megaterium (5 and 10 ppm) levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange, oxidative stress, antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa seedlings. Our results depicted that Cd exposure significantly reduced plant biomass, photosynthetic efficiency, and mineral uptake, while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), HO, and electrolyte leakage, indicating oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) were enhanced at 50 mg kg Cd but declined at 100 mg kg. Cd stress also suppressed anthocyanins and soluble proteins while increasing Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. Application of FeO-NPs and B. megaterium mitigated these adverse effects by improving growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defenses, mineral uptake, and reducing oxidative damage and organic acid exudation. These treatments also lowered Cd retention in plant tissues. Research findings, therefore, suggested that application of FeO-NPs and B. megaterium can ameliorate Cd toxicity in O. sativa seedlings and resulted in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
由于工业和农业的快速扩张，土壤被镉（Cd）等有毒重金属污染正成为一个严重的全球性问题。尽管纳米颗粒（NPs）和促生根际细菌（PGPR）是缓解金属毒性的主要保护剂。在可控条件下进行了盆栽试验，使用沙子，分别添加不同水平的镉，即0、50和100毫克/千克，同时施用FeO-NPs（50和100毫克/升）以及巨大芽孢杆菌（5和10 ppm），以监测水稻幼苗的不同生长、气体交换、氧化应激、抗氧化反应、矿物质积累、有机酸分泌模式。我们的结果表明，镉暴露显著降低了植物生物量、光合效率和矿物质吸收，同时增加了丙二醛（MDA）、H₂O₂和电解质渗漏，表明存在氧化应激。抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT和APX）在50毫克/千克镉处理时增强，但在100毫克/千克镉处理时下降。镉胁迫还抑制了花青素和可溶性蛋白，同时增加了根和茎中镉的积累。施用FeO-NPs和巨大芽孢杆菌通过改善生长、光合作用、抗氧化防御、矿物质吸收以及减少氧化损伤和有机酸分泌减轻了这些不利影响。这些处理还降低了植物组织中镉的滞留量。因此，研究结果表明，施用FeO-NPs和巨大芽孢杆菌可以改善水稻幼苗中的镉毒性，并如有机酸平衡分泌所示，在金属胁迫下促进植物生长和改善植物组成。
