Alhodieb Fahad Saad, Farid Maira, Sabir Maimoona, Nisa Sobia, Sarwar Sumaira, Abbas Sidra
Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Microbiology the University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK, Pakistan.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Jul 7;15:1564787. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1564787. eCollection 2025.
Antibiotic resistance is a pressing global challenge, complicating the treatment of infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant microorganism. For centuries, medicinal plants have been a cornerstone of natural remedies, offering bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.
The study investigate the phytochemical screening and antibacterial efficay of leaf extract, focusing on its impact against three Gram-negative bacterial pathogens i.e., , and serovar Typhi, are major contributors to gastrointestinal infections worldwide, often leading to severe inflammation and chronic health complications.
The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids, which are key contributors to the extract's biological activity. GC-MC analysis identified 27 bioactive compounds, with phytol emerging as a prominent constituent, detected at a peak retention time of 18.712 minutes. Antibacterial assays demonstrated significant efficacy, with inhibitory zones ranging from 10 to 20 mm against the tested pathogens. Molecular docking further highlighted phytol's strong binding affinities to crucial bacterial proteins, including DNA gyrase (), Vacuolating cytotoxin A () from, and Dihydrofolate reductase ( serovar Typhi). Notably, phytol exhibited the highest binding energy (-6.64 kcal/mol) with DHFR, indicating a robust interaction that underscores its potential as a targeted antibacterial agent against serovar Typhi.
These findings position phytol as a promising lead compound for developing novel antibacterial therapies. Its strong activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens suggests potential for further exploration, though additional research is needed to assess its role in resistance modulation or prevention.
抗生素耐药性是一个紧迫的全球挑战，使由多重耐药微生物引起的传染病治疗变得复杂。几个世纪以来，药用植物一直是天然药物的基石，提供具有治疗潜力的生物活性化合物。
该研究调查了叶提取物的植物化学筛选和抗菌功效，重点关注其对三种革兰氏阴性细菌病原体的影响，即肠炎沙门氏菌、副伤寒沙门氏菌和伤寒杆菌血清型，它们是全球胃肠道感染的主要原因，常导致严重炎症和慢性健康并发症。
植物化学筛选显示存在酚类和黄酮类化合物，它们是提取物生物活性的关键贡献者。气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MC）分析鉴定出27种生物活性化合物，叶绿醇作为主要成分出现，在保留时间为18.712分钟时检测到。抗菌试验证明了显著的功效，对受试病原体的抑菌圈范围为10至20毫米。分子对接进一步突出了叶绿醇与关键细菌蛋白的强结合亲和力，包括DNA促旋酶（）、空泡细胞毒素A（）和伤寒杆菌血清型的二氢叶酸还原酶（）。值得注意的是，叶绿醇与二氢叶酸还原酶表现出最高的结合能（-6.64千卡/摩尔），表明其强大的相互作用突出了其作为针对伤寒杆菌血清型的靶向抗菌剂的潜力。
这些发现使叶绿醇成为开发新型抗菌疗法的有前途的先导化合物。其对多重耐药病原体的强大活性表明有进一步探索的潜力，尽管需要更多研究来评估其在耐药性调节或预防中的作用。
