The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the Healthy China 2030" planning outline as a program of action to promote a healthy China in October 2016. The document emphasizes the importance of national fitness in improving the country's health and recognizes legislation on national fitness as one of the strategic goals to achieve a healthy China. In this context, improving China's national fitness legislation is of significant value in promoting the development of a healthy China and enforcing sports laws. Based on the existing issues in the current national fitness legislation, China should enhance the system of sports rights for citizens and improve citizens' health by incorporating a protection clause for sports rights into the National Fitness Regulations and the revised sports law. This can be achieved by restructuring the relationship between citizen sports rights and government responsibilities and by exploring various dispute resolution mechanisms.