Jia Fan, Lynch Stacey E, Williams David T
CSIRO, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Transbound Emerg Dis. 2025 Jul 14;2025:8573171. doi: 10.1155/tbed/8573171. eCollection 2025.
African swine fever (ASF) is an emergency animal disease causing significant socio-economic impacts in affected areas on a global scale. While the first generation of ASF live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines to be recently approved for use in some countries offer potential to kerb the spread of ASF, non-live next-generation vaccines offer a safer alternative that can also be administered to animals in ASF-free zones. Among the next-generation vaccine platforms, disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) viruses are a promising replication-incompetent viral vaccine approach. In this review, we evaluate potential ASF virus gene targets that have been shown to have essential roles in the replication cycle and could be selected as deletion targets for producing DISC vaccines. We also summarise ASF virus genes for which there is evidence for a role in replication but have not yet been examined for their essential functions. Anticipated challenges for the development of an ASF DISC vaccine include limited cell substrates for development and manufacturing, genomic and phenotypic diversity of ASFV and potential for recombination events with co-infecting field viruses leading to reversion to virulence.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种紧急动物疾病，在全球范围内对受影响地区造成重大社会经济影响。虽然最近在一些国家获批使用的第一代ASF减毒活病毒（LAV）疫苗有遏制ASF传播的潜力，但非活的下一代疫苗提供了一种更安全的选择，也可用于无ASF地区的动物。在下一代疫苗平台中，失活感染性单周期（DISC）病毒是一种有前景的无复制能力的病毒疫苗方法。在本综述中，我们评估了已证明在复制周期中起关键作用、可被选为生产DISC疫苗的缺失靶点的潜在ASF病毒基因靶点。我们还总结了有证据表明在复制中起作用但尚未研究其基本功能的ASF病毒基因。开发ASF DISC疫苗预期面临的挑战包括用于开发和生产的细胞基质有限、非洲猪瘟病毒的基因组和表型多样性，以及与共同感染的野毒发生重组事件导致病毒毒力回复的可能性。
