Zhao Tian-You, Wei Jiu-Feng, Li Cai-Feng, Chen Ya-Nan, Lü Liang, Wang Fang
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei China.
Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China.
Ecol Evol. 2025 Jul 20;15(7):e71789. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71789. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Sternorrhyncha, a suborder of Hemiptera, comprises sap-feeding insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, most of which are important agricultural and forestry pests, including aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, and scale insects. While the mitochondrial genome is a highly accessible molecular source for high-level and large-scale phylogenetic studies, a comprehensive mitochondrial phylogenomic investigation of Sternorrhyncha has been lacking. This deficiency is primarily attributable to the challenges associated with obtaining mitochondrial genomes from Coccoidea. We have constructed the largest mitochondrial dataset for Sternorrhyncha to establish phylogenetic relationships, to examine the interrelationships, and to assess the phylogenetic results. Based on phylogenetic trees and mitogenomic gene arrangement synapomorphies, our findings confirm a sister-group relationship between Coccoidea and Aphidoidea, and demonstrate the affiliation of Aclerdidae with Coccidae. Additionally, we have examined the mitochondrial gene rearrangements in Sternorrhyncha. Mitochondrial genes in Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea display a notable prevalence of translocation and a high proportion of positive selection pressures, which correlates with their large species diversity. Conversely, most aphid genes are under negative selection pressure, and pairwise identity analysis reveals relatively modest low variation among aphid lineages, highlighting a paradox of species diversification underlain by conserved mitochondrial genomic changes.
胸喙亚目是半翅目的一个亚目，包含以刺吸式口器吸食汁液的昆虫，其中大多数是重要的农林害虫，包括蚜虫、木虱、粉虱和蚧壳虫。虽然线粒体基因组是进行高级别大规模系统发育研究的极易获取的分子来源，但目前缺乏对胸喙亚目的全面线粒体系统基因组学研究。这一不足主要归因于从蚧总科获取线粒体基因组所面临的挑战。我们构建了胸喙亚目最大的线粒体数据集，以建立系统发育关系、研究相互关系并评估系统发育结果。基于系统发育树和线粒体基因组基因排列共衍征，我们的研究结果证实了蚧总科和蚜总科之间的姐妹群关系，并证明了粉蚧科与蚧科的亲缘关系。此外，我们还研究了胸喙亚目的线粒体基因重排。蚧总科和粉虱总科的线粒体基因显示出明显的易位普遍性和较高比例的正选择压力，这与其丰富的物种多样性相关。相反，大多数蚜虫基因处于负选择压力之下，成对同一性分析显示蚜虫谱系之间的变异相对较小，这凸显了由保守的线粒体基因组变化所支撑的物种多样化的悖论。
