Socolar Jacob B, Mills Simon C, Gilroy James J, Martínez-Revelo Diego E, Medina-Uribe Claudia A, Parra-Sanchez Edicson, Ramirez-Gutierrez Marcela, Sand Sæbø Jørgen, Meneses Henry S, Pérez Giovanny, Barlow Jos, Ochoa Quintero Jose M, Freckleton Robert P, Haugaasen Torbjørn, Edwards David P
Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
BeZero Carbon Ltd, London, UK.
Nat Ecol Evol. 2025 Jul 22. doi: 10.1038/s41559-025-02779-4.
Human impacts on nature span vast spatial scales that transcend abiotic gradients and biogeographic barriers, yet estimates of biodiversity loss from land-use change overwhelmingly derive from local-scale studies. Using a field dataset of 971 bird species sampled in forest and cattle pasture across 13 biogeographic regions of Colombia, we quantify biodiversity losses from local to near-national scales. Losses are on average 60% worse at the pan-Colombian scale than in individual regions, with underestimation remaining until six to seven biogeographic regions are sampled. Regional losses greatly exceed local losses when beta-diversity is high due to reduced species turnover in pasture across geographic space and elevation. Extrapolation from local-scale studies causes major underestimation of biodiversity loss, emphasizing the need to incorporate spatial structure into measures of change.
人类对自然的影响跨越了巨大的空间尺度，超越了非生物梯度和生物地理屏障，但土地利用变化导致的生物多样性丧失估计绝大多数来自局部尺度研究。利用在哥伦比亚13个生物地理区域的森林和牧场中采样的971种鸟类的实地数据集，我们量化了从局部到近国家尺度的生物多样性丧失情况。在整个哥伦比亚范围内，损失平均比个别区域严重60%，在对六到七个生物地理区域进行采样之前，一直存在低估情况。当由于地理空间和海拔上牧场物种周转率降低导致β多样性较高时，区域损失大大超过局部损失。从局部尺度研究进行推断会导致对生物多样性丧失的严重低估，这凸显了将空间结构纳入变化衡量指标的必要性。
