Zhang Lei, Ma Junshuai, Qu Shaobo, Cui Zhangxin, Cao Mingfu
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, Hebei Province, China.
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhang Jiakou, Hebei Province, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Jul 18;104(29):e43435. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000043435.
We aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen trends of common respiratory infections in a tertiary hospital in Zhangjiakou from 2018 to 2024. We retrospectively studied patients who underwent screening for 11 common respiratory pathogen antibodies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2024. Serum-specific Immunoglobulin M antibodies were detected using indirect immunofluorescence assays, and annual data from 2018 to 2024 were compared. Among 35,665 patients, 10,531 (29.53%) were positive for at least 2 pathogen. The lowest positivity rate was observed in 2020 (23.47%, 841/3584), while the highest was observed in 2023 (38.58%, 3165/8204). Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibited the highest positivity rate (11.99%, 4278/35,665), followed by influenza B virus (10.83%, 3861/35,665). Influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Coxsackie A virus, Coxsackie B virus, Echovirus, and adenovirus had relatively low positivity rates, ranging from 0.88% to 4.97%. Positive cases were stratified as follows: 0 to <3 years (13.32%, 1403/10,531), 3 to <6 years (17.52%, 1845/10,531), 6 to <12 years (18.35%, 1932/10,531), 12 to <18 years (6.37%, 671/10,531), 18 to <60 years (15.86%, 1670/10,531), and ≥60 years (28.58%, 3010/10,531). The proportion of patients <12 years significantly decreased by 2024 compared to 2018 (P < .001), while the proportion of patients significantly increased in the ≥60 group (P < .001). Single-pathogen infection was the predominant type (68.73%, 7238/10,531), followed by dual-pathogen infections (23.26%, 2450/10,531). The proportion of single-pathogen cases decreased from 75.59% in 2018 to 60.32% in 2023, rebounding to 74.36% in 2024. On the contrary, the number of dual-pathogen cases increased from 18.46% in 2018 to 27.65% in 2023, and then decreased to 21.67% in 2024 (P < .001). From 2018 to 2024, the epidemiological features of common respiratory pathogens exhibited significant temporal variations, with reduced positivity rates during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic and a sharp resurgence after the pandemic. Routine pathogen screening provides critical data for regional respiratory infection prevention and control.
我们旨在分析2018年至2024年张家口某三级医院常见呼吸道感染的流行病学特征和病原体趋势。我们回顾性研究了2018年1月1日至2024年12月31日期间在河北北方学院附属第一医院接受11种常见呼吸道病原体抗体筛查的患者。采用间接免疫荧光法检测血清特异性免疫球蛋白M抗体，并比较2018年至2024年的年度数据。在35665例患者中，10531例（29.53%）至少有2种病原体呈阳性。2020年阳性率最低（23.47%，841/3584），2023年最高（38.58%，3165/8204）。肺炎支原体阳性率最高（11.99%，4278/35665），其次是乙型流感病毒（10.83%，3861/35665）。甲型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、肺炎衣原体、嗜肺军团菌、柯萨奇A病毒、柯萨奇B病毒、埃可病毒和腺病毒的阳性率相对较低，在0.88%至4.97%之间。阳性病例分层如下：0至<3岁（13.32%，1403/10531），3至<6岁（17.52%，1845/10531），6至<12岁（18.35%，1932/10531），12至<18岁（6.37%，671/10531），18至<60岁（15.86%，1670/10531），≥60岁（28.58%，3010/10531）。与2018年相比，2024年<12岁患者的比例显著下降（P<0.001），而≥60岁组患者的比例显著增加（P<0.001）。单病原体感染是主要类型（68.73%，7238/10531），其次是双病原体感染（23.26%，2450/10531）。单病原体病例的比例从2018年的75.59%降至2023年的60.32%，2024年反弹至74.36%。相反，双病原体病例的数量从2018年的18.46%增加到2023年的27.65%，然后在2024年降至21.67%（P<0.001）。从2018年到2024年，常见呼吸道病原体的流行病学特征呈现出显著的时间变化，在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间阳性率降低，大流行后急剧回升。常规病原体筛查为区域呼吸道感染的预防和控制提供了关键数据。
