Zhou Zhexiao, Zhou Ying, Shen Hang
Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
J Exerc Sci Fit. 2025 Oct;23(4):313-324. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2025.06.005. Epub 2025 Jun 18.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether children with sensory integration dysfunction (SID) exhibit delays in gross motor performance and physical fitness compared to those with typical sensory integration development (TSID). Further, the developmental characteristics related to gross motor performance and physical fitness were examined in children with SID, taking into account differences in the severity of dysfunction (mild versus severe) and gender.
A total of 273 children were randomly recruited, including 115 children with SID, comprising 85 with mild SID (MSID) and 30 with severe SID (SSID). All participants underwent assessments of gross motor skills and physical fitness using the "TGMD-2″ and the "NPFMM" protocols. The covariance method was employed to analyze differences in gross motor skills and physical fitness among children with SSID, MSID, and TSID, as well as gender-based differences between children with SID and those with TSID.
(1) Children with SID demonstrated significantly lower gross motor performance compared to their TSID peers ( < 0.05). Notable deficits were observed in tasks such as jumping, kicking, striking, and in the object control composite and total gross motor scores. Among boys, those with SID showed significantly reduced performance in gross motor tasks including jumping, galloping, and sliding, along with lower locomotor composite and total gross motor scores relative to TSID boys. Girls with SID exhibited significant impairments in leaping, sliding, kicking, and throwing, with correspondingly lower object control composite scores compared to TSID girls. Additionally, girls with SSID demonstrated a significantly lower sliding score than those with MSID. (2) With respect to physical fitness, children with SID performed significantly worse than TSID children in measures of agility, speed, and balance ( < 0.05). Specifically, boys with SID showed significant deficiencies in agility compared to boys with TSID, while girls with SID displayed notable shortcomings in speed compared to girls with TSID. In addition, children with MSID exhibited significantly better overall agility compared to those with SSID, and girls with MSID demonstrated superior performance in speed relative to their SSID counterparts.
The overall development of gross motor skills and physical fitness in children with SID was observed to be comparatively delayed relative to children with TSID. Gender-specific developmental differences were identified among children with SID. Specifically, boys with SID exhibited pronounced delays in locomotor skills and agility, whereas girls with SID primarily demonstrated deficiencies in object control skills and speed. Furthermore, although children with SSID showed poorer performance in gross motor skills and physical fitness compared to those with MSID, the differences across varying degrees of dysfunction were not statistically significant overall.
本研究旨在调查与典型感觉统合发育（TSID）的儿童相比，感觉统合功能障碍（SID）儿童在大肌肉运动表现和身体素质方面是否存在延迟。此外，考虑到功能障碍严重程度（轻度与重度）和性别的差异，对SID儿童中与大肌肉运动表现和身体素质相关的发育特征进行了研究。
共随机招募273名儿童，其中115名SID儿童，包括85名轻度SID（MSID）儿童和30名重度SID（SSID）儿童。所有参与者均使用“TGMD-2”和“NPFMM”方案进行大肌肉运动技能和身体素质评估。采用协方差方法分析SSID、MSID和TSID儿童在大肌肉运动技能和身体素质方面的差异，以及SID儿童与TSID儿童之间基于性别的差异。
（1）与TSID同龄人相比，SID儿童的大肌肉运动表现显著更低（<0.05）。在跳跃、踢、击打等任务以及物体控制综合得分和总大肌肉运动得分方面观察到明显缺陷。在男孩中，SID男孩在包括跳跃、奔跑和滑动在内的大肌肉运动任务中的表现显著降低，与TSID男孩相比，其运动综合得分和总大肌肉运动得分也更低。SID女孩在跳跃、滑动、踢和投掷方面表现出明显损伤，与TSID女孩相比，其物体控制综合得分相应更低。此外，SSID女孩的滑动得分显著低于MSID女孩。（2）在身体素质方面，SID儿童在敏捷性、速度和平衡测量方面的表现明显比TSID儿童差（<0.05）。具体而言，与TSID男孩相比，SID男孩在敏捷性方面存在显著缺陷，而与TSID女孩相比，SID女孩在速度方面表现出明显不足。此外，MSID儿童的整体敏捷性明显优于SSID儿童，MSID女孩在速度方面的表现优于SSID女孩。
观察到SID儿童的大肌肉运动技能和身体素质的整体发育相对于TSID儿童相对延迟。在SID儿童中发现了性别特异性的发育差异。具体而言，SID男孩在运动技能和敏捷性方面表现出明显延迟，而SID女孩主要在物体控制技能和速度方面存在缺陷。此外，尽管SSID儿童在大肌肉运动技能和身体素质方面的表现比MSID儿童差，但不同程度功能障碍之间的差异总体上无统计学意义。
