Tibebu Abebe, Teshome Yechale, Tamrat Habtamu, Bahiru Adane
Sekota Dryland Agricultural Research Center, Sekota, Ethiopia.
Bahirdar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
One Health. 2025 Jul 8;21:101131. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101131. eCollection 2025 Dec.
Mastitis is a multifactorial disease of mammals that has substantial implications on production, welfare, and public health, but it is far less studied in goats. This study reviewed the causes, diagnostic tests, economic and public health impacts, and prevalence of mastitis in goats. The review revealed that mastitis in goats could be clinical (CM) or subclinical (SCM). Bacteria, such as , , , and , are the main cause of mastitis in goats. Mastitis in goats is influenced by intrinsic factors like breed, parity, age, and lactation stage, and extrinsic factors like pathogens, environment, and management. Somatic cell count and the California mastitis test are common diagnostic tests for SCM, but their reliability is questionable due to the broader range of somatic cells in goat milk. Dry period therapy and early interventions are the best options for mastitis treatment and control methods, while temporal milking stops can enhance immunity. Mastitis can affect animal welfare, milk yield, quality, marketability, and public health due to disease transmission and intoxication. The pooled prevalence of mastitis was found to be 36 % (95 % CI: 25-50). The prevalence of CM was often less than 5 % and occurred sporadically. In contrast, SCM was the most prevalent form (prevalence ranges from 30 % to 50 %). In conclusion, despite goats being the foundation of financial stability and food security in rural households, and with an estimated prevalence comparable to cows, mastitis research is frequently overlooked. Given goats' importance in rural households' economies, there is a need to shift research priorities and strengthen multidisciplinary collaborations to address zoonotic diseases associated with mastitis, at the intersection of animal, environmental, and human health.
乳腺炎是一种影响哺乳动物的多因素疾病，对生产、动物福利和公共卫生有重大影响，但在山羊身上的研究却少得多。本研究回顾了山羊乳腺炎的病因、诊断测试、经济和公共卫生影响以及患病率。该综述表明，山羊乳腺炎可分为临床型（CM）或亚临床型（SCM）。诸如[此处原文细菌名称缺失]等细菌是山羊乳腺炎的主要病因。山羊乳腺炎受品种、胎次、年龄和泌乳阶段等内在因素以及病原体、环境和管理等外在因素的影响。体细胞计数和加利福尼亚乳腺炎检测是SCM的常见诊断测试，但由于山羊奶中体细胞范围更广，其可靠性存疑。干奶期治疗和早期干预是乳腺炎治疗和控制方法的最佳选择，而临时停止挤奶可增强免疫力。乳腺炎可因疾病传播和中毒而影响动物福利、产奶量、质量、市场适销性和公共卫生。乳腺炎的合并患病率为36%（95%置信区间：25 - 50）。CM的患病率通常低于5%，且呈散发性出现。相比之下，SCM是最常见的形式（患病率范围为30%至50%）。总之，尽管山羊是农村家庭经济稳定和粮食安全的基础，且估计患病率与奶牛相当，但乳腺炎研究常常被忽视。鉴于山羊在农村家庭经济中的重要性，有必要转变研究重点，加强多学科合作，以解决动物、环境和人类健康交叉领域中与乳腺炎相关的人畜共患病问题。
