Gupta Preeti, Thakur Sahil, Wong Chiew Meng Johnny, Man Ryan E K, Fenwick Eva K, Sabanayagam Charumathi, Huang Olivia, Low Jin Rong, Perera Shamira A, Wong Tina T, Lamoureux Ecosse L
Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI) and Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC), Singapore, Singapore.
Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025 Jul 1;66(9):62. doi: 10.1167/iovs.66.9.62.
To determine the prevalence, factors, temporal trends, and projections of glaucoma over 15 years among multiethnic older Asian adults aged 60 to 100 years.
We included 2380 participants (mean [SD] age, 73.6 [8.5] years; 55.2% female) from the baseline phase of the Population Health and Eye Disease Profile in Elderly Singaporeans (PIONEER; 2017-2022) study. Comprehensive eye examinations and standardized questionnaires assessed sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Glaucoma and subtypes were defined using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology guidelines, with age-standardized prevalence rates based on the 2020 Singapore census. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations identified risk factors, temporal trends were analyzed using population-based data, and projections utilized United Nations population data.
The census-adjusted glaucoma prevalence was 5.1%, comprising 3.4% primary open-angle glaucoma, 0.7% primary angle-closure glaucoma, and 1% secondary glaucoma. Prevalence was higher among Malays (6.5%) and Indians (6.2%) compared to Chinese (4.9%). Significant factors included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07), Malay ethnicity (OR, 2.07), higher intraocular pressure (OR, 1.14), longer axial length (OR, 1.20), cataract surgery (OR, 1.81), and polypharmacy (OR, 2.04). Over two decades, age-adjusted glaucoma prevalence in Singapore remained stable (5%-7%) but increased among Indians (3.65% in 2013 to 6.70% in 2022), likely due to the high rates of systemic diseases. Currently, ∼57,800 Singaporeans aged ≥60 years have glaucoma, projected to rise by 43%, reaching 85,800 by 2040.
Glaucoma is common among older Singaporeans, with notable sociodemographic and modifiable clinical factors. Rising prevalence among Indians and the projected increase in cases underscore the need for targeted screening and early interventions.
确定60至100岁的多民族亚洲老年人中青光眼在15年期间的患病率、影响因素、时间趋势及预测情况。
我们纳入了新加坡老年人人口健康与眼病概况研究（PIONEER；2017 - 2022年）基线阶段的2380名参与者（平均[标准差]年龄为73.6[8.5]岁；女性占55.2%）。综合眼科检查和标准化问卷评估了社会人口学、临床及生活方式因素。青光眼及其亚型依据国际地理和流行病学眼科学会指南进行定义，年龄标准化患病率基于2020年新加坡人口普查数据。使用广义估计方程的逻辑回归确定危险因素，利用基于人群的数据分析时间趋势，并运用联合国人口数据进行预测。
经人口普查调整后的青光眼患病率为5.1%，其中原发性开角型青光眼占3.4%，原发性闭角型青光眼占0.7%，继发性青光眼占1%。与华人（4.9%）相比，马来人（6.5%）和印度人（6.2%）的患病率更高。显著因素包括年龄较大（比值比[OR]，1.07）、马来族裔（OR，2.07）、眼压较高（OR，1.14）、眼轴长度较长（OR，1.20）、白内障手术（OR，1.81）以及多种药物联用（OR，2.04）。在二十多年间，新加坡经年龄调整的青光眼患病率保持稳定（5% - 7%），但印度人的患病率有所上升（从2013年的3.65%升至2022年的6.70%），这可能归因于全身性疾病的高发病率。目前，新加坡60岁及以上的青光眼患者约有57,800人，预计到2040年将增长43%，达到85,800人。
青光眼在新加坡老年人中较为常见，存在显著的社会人口学及可改变的临床因素。印度人患病率的上升以及病例数的预计增加凸显了针对性筛查和早期干预的必要性。
