Melo Alves Maria Karolaine de, Mariz Célio Freire, Santos Shaieny Marcela Ventura Dos, Nascimento João Victor Gomes, Melo Thalita Joana Bezerra de, Maia Natallia Vivian da Silva, Alves Romulo Nepomuceno, Zanardi-Lamardo Eliete, Feitosa João Lucas Leão, Adam Mônica Lúcia, Carvalho Paulo S M
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Nov;220:118487. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118487. Epub 2025 Jul 23.
The Brazilian coast was affected by crude oil in 2019 that contaminated coral reef areas. Oil Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are responsible for triggering sublethal toxicity in fish. This study aimed to evaluate chronic effects and recovery of the keystone damselfish Stegastes fuscus after exposure to crude oil in October 2019. Fish were sampled from seven oil affected reef areas and one non-affected, 17, 24 and 34 months after the oil spill. Analysis of biliary PAHs, biochemical and genotoxic biomarkers were carried out. Biliary PAHs in fish from Paiva and Suape areas were significantly reduced 17 months after the oil spill. Biliary PAHs and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in fish sampled from Janga, Paiva, Suape, Serrambi, Carneiros and Mamucabas reefs were higher than in specimens from Cupe reference area. Male and immature individuals presented higher activities than females for EROD, Glutathione S-transferase and catalase and lower values for superoxide dismutase and glutathione. Increased micronuclei frequencies were observed in Paiva, Suape, Serrambi and Carneiros samples. The results indicate that these reef areas are not being influenced by the 2019 oil spill. Contamination by PAHs occurs chronically in these locations such as the urbanized Janga reef area, where the highest bile PAH concentrations and EROD induction were detected. The integrated index of biomarker responses indicated changes in biochemical biomarkers in all reef areas related to Cupe, possibly reflecting exposure to other unmeasured contaminants. Continued monitoring with the species Stegastes fuscus is necessary to obtain information on the contamination status of these environments over the years.
2019年，巴西海岸受到原油影响，珊瑚礁区域被污染。石油多环芳烃（PAHs）会引发鱼类的亚致死毒性。本研究旨在评估2019年10月接触原油后，关键雀鲷斯氏豆娘鱼的慢性影响和恢复情况。在溢油事件发生后的17、24和34个月，从七个受油影响的珊瑚礁区域和一个未受影响的区域采集鱼类样本。对胆汁中的PAHs、生化和遗传毒性生物标志物进行了分析。溢油事件发生17个月后，来自帕伊瓦和苏阿佩地区的鱼类胆汁中的PAHs显著减少。从扬加、帕伊瓦、苏阿佩、塞兰比、卡内罗斯和马穆卡巴斯珊瑚礁采集的鱼类中，胆汁PAHs和乙氧基异吩唑酮 - O - 脱乙基酶（EROD）活性高于来自库佩参考区域的样本。雄性和未成熟个体的EROD、谷胱甘肽S - 转移酶和过氧化氢酶活性高于雌性，而超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽的值较低。在帕伊瓦、苏阿佩、塞兰比和卡内罗斯的样本中观察到微核频率增加。结果表明，这些珊瑚礁区域并未受到2019年溢油事件的影响。在这些地点，如城市化的扬加珊瑚礁区域，PAHs污染长期存在，在该区域检测到了最高的胆汁PAH浓度和EROD诱导。生物标志物反应综合指数表明，与库佩相关的所有珊瑚礁区域的生化生物标志物都发生了变化，这可能反映了接触其他未测量的污染物。有必要继续对斯氏豆娘鱼进行监测，以获取这些环境多年来污染状况的信息。
