Lorusso Mauro, Esperouz Fariba, Di Carlo Gabriele, Tepedino Michele, Esposito Rosa, Pappalettera Giovanni, Casavola Caterina, Lo Russo Lucio, Ciavarella Domenico
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dental School of Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 287a, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Jun 20;13(7):275. doi: 10.3390/dj13070275.
The capability of printing aligners directly, eliminating the need for a dental model or thermoforming, represents a significant advancement in aligner therapy. This review aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of 3D-printed aligners to clarify their safety profile, given their growing clinical use. An electronic literature search was independently conducted by two reviewers up to February 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. After a thorough selection process, five in vitro studies were included. The quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the QUIN tool. Five studies were included in the systematic review, four of which used TC-85 resin and one TA-28. Two reported no cytotoxic effects. Mild cytotoxicity was observed in one study using UV and heat post-curing, while another reported increased cytotoxicity with extended UV/nitrogen curing. However, notable heterogeneity was present among the studies in terms of the experimental protocols, the cell lines used, and the outcome measures. The cytotoxicity of printed aligners appears to be influenced by post-curing duration and system type, highlighting the importance of strict adherence to manufacturers' protocols. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies and methodological variability, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Further clinical and standardised in vitro studies are needed to better assess the biocompatibility of 3D-printed aligners.
直接打印矫治器的能力，消除了对牙科模型或热成型的需求，这代表了矫治器治疗的一项重大进展。鉴于3D打印矫治器在临床上的使用日益增加，本综述旨在评估其细胞毒性，以阐明其安全性。两名 reviewers 截至2025年2月在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science上独立进行了电子文献检索。经过全面的筛选过程，纳入了五项体外研究。使用QUIN工具评估质量和偏倚风险。系统评价纳入了五项研究，其中四项使用TC-85树脂，一项使用TA-28。两项研究报告无细胞毒性作用。一项使用紫外线和热后固化的研究观察到轻度细胞毒性，而另一项研究报告随着紫外线/氮气固化时间延长细胞毒性增加。然而，在实验方案、所用细胞系和结果测量方面，研究之间存在显著异质性。打印矫治器的细胞毒性似乎受后固化持续时间和系统类型的影响，这突出了严格遵守制造商方案的重要性。然而，由于研究数量有限和方法学的变异性，尚不能得出明确结论。需要进一步的临床和标准化体外研究，以更好地评估3D打印矫治器的生物相容性。
