Perez-de-Paz Begoña, Fernandez-Cotarelo Maria-Jose, Rodriguez-Romero Lydia, Ribeiro-Neves-Pinto Carolina, Quilez-Ruiz-Rico Natividad, Álvaro-Álvarez Dolores, Moreno-Cuerda Victor, Henriquez-Camacho Cesar
Department of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Mostoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
J Pers Med. 2025 Jun 20;15(7):263. doi: 10.3390/jpm15070263.
: Pleural empyema (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for PE in Spain between 2016 and 2022. : This retrospective observational study of PE cases was based on the hospital discharge records from the National Health System between 2016 and 2022. The variables analyzed were sex, age, comorbidities, discharge diagnoses and procedures, overall severity, whether empyema was a primary or secondary diagnosis, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, and healthcare costs. : Between 2016 and 2022, 19864 PE cases were diagnosed in Spain, revealing an overall rate of 0.64 per 1000 hospitalizations, with the exception of a slight decline in 2021. The mean age of the patients with PE was 61 years, and 73.85% were men. Most patients had low comorbidities, with a median Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of 1.7. Most cases (63%) involved secondary diagnoses (pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, sepsis, COVID, or lung cancer). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in the secondary diagnosis group than in the primary diagnosis group (13.4% vs. 6.2%, respectively, < 0.001). The factors associated with increased mortality included older age (≥66 years), higher CCI scores, ICU admission, and shorter LOS (<10 days). Conversely, pleural drainage and pneumonia as secondary diagnoses were protective factors. : PE is an increasingly common pathology in clinical practice, especially in older and frail patients. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and its prognosis worsens with age and comorbidities. Therefore, early and appropriate diagnosis and standardized management strategies are required to mitigate the mortality and healthcare costs.
胸膜腔积脓（PE）是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在分析2016年至2022年期间在西班牙因PE住院患者的流行病学特征。：这项对PE病例的回顾性观察研究基于2016年至2022年期间国家卫生系统的医院出院记录。分析的变量包括性别、年龄、合并症、出院诊断和治疗程序、总体严重程度、脓胸是原发性还是继发性诊断、入住重症监护病房（ICU）、住院时间（LOS）、院内死亡率和医疗费用。：2016年至2022年期间，西班牙共诊断出19864例PE病例，总体发病率为每1000例住院患者中有0.64例，2021年略有下降除外。PE患者的平均年龄为61岁，73.85%为男性。大多数患者合并症较少，Charlson合并症指数（CCI）中位数为1.7。大多数病例（63%）为继发性诊断（肺炎、肺炎球菌肺炎、败血症、COVID或肺癌）。继发性诊断组的院内死亡率高于原发性诊断组（分别为13.4%和6.2%，<0.001）。与死亡率增加相关的因素包括年龄较大（≥66岁）、CCI评分较高、入住ICU和住院时间较短（<10天）。相反，胸膜腔引流和继发性诊断的肺炎是保护因素。：PE在临床实践中是一种越来越常见的疾病，尤其是在老年和体弱患者中。它与高发病率和死亡率相关，其预后随着年龄和合并症的增加而恶化。因此，需要早期和适当的诊断以及标准化的管理策略来降低死亡率和医疗费用。
