Mo Yunfei, Zhou Tao, Li Weichang, Niu Yuqing, Sheu Chialin
School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
Gels. 2025 Jun 23;11(7):483. doi: 10.3390/gels11070483.
Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers and pressure injuries, remain a major global health burden, affecting over 40 million people worldwide and imposing significant socioeconomic strain. Hydrogel-based wound dressings have gained clinical attention for their ability to maintain moisture, mimic the extracellular matrix, and support tissue regeneration. However, traditional hydrogels often lack the mechanical robustness, antimicrobial efficacy, and dynamic responsiveness needed to treat complex wound environments effectively. To address these limitations, nanohybrid hydrogels, composite systems that integrate functional nanomaterials into hydrogel matrices, have emerged as intelligent platforms for advanced wound care. These systems enable multifunctional therapeutic action, including antibacterial activity, antioxidant regulation, angiogenesis promotion, immune modulation, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery. This review synthesizes recent advances in nanohybrid hydrogel design, beginning with an overview of traditional polymeric systems and their constraints. We categorize functional mechanisms according to biological targets and classify nanohybrid architectures by material type, including metal-based nanoparticles, nanozymes, carbon-based nanomaterials, polymeric nanogels, and metal-organic frameworks. Representative studies are summarized in a comparative table, and challenges related to biosafety, clinical translation, and design optimization are discussed. Nanohybrid hydrogels represent a rapidly evolving frontier in wound care, offering bioresponsive, multifunctional platforms with the potential to transform chronic wound management.
慢性伤口，如糖尿病溃疡和压疮，仍然是全球主要的健康负担，影响着全球超过4000万人，并带来巨大的社会经济压力。基于水凝胶的伤口敷料因其保持水分、模拟细胞外基质和支持组织再生的能力而受到临床关注。然而，传统水凝胶通常缺乏有效治疗复杂伤口环境所需的机械强度、抗菌效果和动态响应性。为了解决这些局限性，纳米复合水凝胶，即将功能性纳米材料整合到水凝胶基质中的复合体系，已成为先进伤口护理的智能平台。这些体系能够实现多功能治疗作用，包括抗菌活性、抗氧化调节、促进血管生成、免疫调节和刺激响应性药物递送。本综述总结了纳米复合水凝胶设计的最新进展，首先概述了传统聚合物体系及其局限性。我们根据生物学靶点对功能机制进行分类，并根据材料类型对纳米复合结构进行分类，包括金属基纳米颗粒、纳米酶、碳基纳米材料、聚合物纳米凝胶和金属有机框架。代表性研究在一个比较表中进行了总结，并讨论了与生物安全性、临床转化和设计优化相关的挑战。纳米复合水凝胶代表了伤口护理领域一个快速发展的前沿领域，提供了具有生物响应性的多功能平台，有可能改变慢性伤口的管理方式。
