Lyttle T W
Genetics. 1977 Jun;86(2 Pt. 1):413-45.
The experimental population genetics of Y-chromosome drive in Drosophila melanogaster is approximated by studying the behavior of T(Y;2),SD lines. These exhibit "pseudo-Y" drive through the effective coupling of the Y chromosome to the second chromosome meiotic drive locus, Segregation distorter (SD). T(Y;2),SD males consequently produce only male offspring. When such lines are allowed to compete against structurally normal SD(+) flies in population cages, T(Y;2),SD males increase in frequency according to the dynamics of a simple haploid selection model until the cage population is eliminated as a result of a deficiency in the number of adult females. Cage population extinction generally occurs within about seven generations.-Several conclusions can be drawn from these competition cage studies:(1) Fitness estimates for the T(Y;2),SD lines (relative to SD(+ )) are generally in the range of 2-4, and these values are corroborated by independent estimates derived from studies of migration-selection equilibrium. (2) Fitness estimates are unaffected by cage replication, sample time, or the starting frequency of T(Y;2),SD males, indicating that data from diverse cages can be legitimately pooled to give an overall fitness estimate. (3) Partitioning of the T(Y;2),SD fitnesses into components of viability, fertility, and frequency of alternate segregation (Y + SD from X + SD(+)) suggests that most of the T(Y;2),SD advantage derives from the latter two components. Improvements in the system might involve increasing both the viability and the alternate segregation to increase the total fitness. While pseudo-Y drive operates quite effectively against laboratory stocks, it is less successful in eliminating wild-type populations which are already segregating for suppressors of SD action. This observation suggests that further studies into the origin and rate of accumulation of suppressors of meiotic drive are needed before an overall assessment can be made of the potential of Y-chromosome drive as a tool for population control.
通过研究T(Y;2),SD品系的行为，可以近似地了解果蝇中Y染色体驱动的实验群体遗传学。这些品系通过Y染色体与第二染色体减数分裂驱动位点分离畸变因子（SD）的有效耦合，表现出“假Y”驱动。因此，T(Y;2),SD雄性果蝇只产生雄性后代。当让这些品系在种群笼中与结构正常的SD(+)果蝇竞争时，根据简单单倍体选择模型的动态变化，T(Y;2),SD雄性果蝇的频率会增加，直到由于成年雌性数量不足导致笼中种群灭绝。笼中种群灭绝通常在大约七代内发生。从这些竞争笼实验研究中可以得出几个结论：（1）T(Y;2),SD品系（相对于SD(+)）的适合度估计值通常在2至4的范围内，这些值得到了从迁移 - 选择平衡研究中得出的独立估计值的证实。（2）适合度估计不受笼的重复、采样时间或T(Y;2),SD雄性果蝇起始频率的影响，这表明可以合理地汇总来自不同笼子的数据以给出总体适合度估计。（3）将T(Y;2),SD适合度划分为生存力、繁殖力和交替分离频率（Y + SD相对于X + SD(+)）的组成部分表明，T(Y;2),SD的大部分优势来自后两个组成部分。该系统的改进可能涉及提高生存力和交替分离，以提高总适合度。虽然假Y驱动对实验室种群相当有效，但在消除已经分离出SD作用抑制因子的野生型种群方面不太成功。这一观察结果表明，在对Y染色体驱动作为种群控制工具的潜力进行全面评估之前，需要进一步研究减数分裂驱动抑制因子的起源和积累速率。
