精神活性物质：对阿尔茨海默病的新分子见解及治疗潜力

Psychoactive substances: novel molecular insights and therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease.

作者信息

Fu Chonglei, Li Xuehui, Liu Xiaoxing, Zheng Yongbo, Ma Xiangxian, Zhang Bo, Chen Si, Hu Lingming, Su Sizhen, Wang Xiaokun, Sun Jie, Yin Qingqing, Wang Yumei, Fu Xiaolong, Bao Yanping, Xue Yanxue, Xin Tao, Lu Lin, Zou Guichang

机构信息

Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China.

Shandong Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Jinan, 250117, China.

出版信息

Transl Neurodegener. 2025 Jul 25;14(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s40035-025-00498-1.

DOI:10.1186/s40035-025-00498-1

PMID:40713680

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder that causes severe cognitive decline and poses a significant burden on global health systems. Despite extensive research, effective treatments to stop neurodegeneration or promote neuronal regeneration in AD remain elusive. Psychoactive substances as modulators of neurophysiological functions, have received increased attention in research. The main psychoactive agents, such as central nervous system depressants and stimulants, cannabinoids, psychedelics, opioids and ketamine, are being explored for their abilities to enhance learning and cognitive performance and potential neurorestorative functions. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of psychoactive substances in AD, in the aim to guide future research directions.

摘要

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种主要的神经退行性疾病，会导致严重的认知衰退，并给全球卫生系统带来重大负担。尽管进行了广泛研究，但在AD中阻止神经退行性变或促进神经元再生的有效治疗方法仍然难以捉摸。作为神经生理功能调节剂的精神活性物质在研究中受到了越来越多的关注。主要的精神活性药物，如中枢神经系统抑制剂和兴奋剂、大麻素、致幻剂、阿片类药物和氯胺酮，正因其增强学习和认知表现的能力以及潜在的神经修复功能而被探索。在本文中，我们综述了精神活性物质在AD中的分子机制和治疗潜力，旨在指导未来的研究方向。