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利用澳洲坚果壳木聚糖提取物绿色合成氯化银银（Ag/AgCl）纳米颗粒、表征及其抗菌活性评估

Green synthesis of silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) nanoparticles using macadamia nutshell xylan extract, characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial activity.

作者信息

Yegon Andrew K, Oyetade Joshua Akinropo, Mtavangu Stanslaus G, Rwiza Mwemezi J, Machunda Revocatus L

机构信息

School of Materials, Energy, Water, and Environmental Sciences (MEWES), The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.

Department of Natural Sciences and Information Technology, Mwenge Catholic University (MWECAU), P.O. Box 1226, Moshi, Tanzania.

出版信息

Discov Nano. 2025 Jul 26;20(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s11671-025-04192-z.

DOI:10.1186/s11671-025-04192-z
PMID:40715609
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12297126/
Abstract

Currently, there is unprecedented emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria which demand urgent development of novel strategies to combat bacterial infections in humans. In this study, we report on a facile and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver-silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) nutshell (MNS) agro-waste. The effects of physicochemical parameters including pH, Ag ion precursor concentration, time, and temperature were investigated. The biosynthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs sample was characterized using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, field emission scanning spectroscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). UV-Vis spectroscopy exhibited surface plasmon resonance (SPR) between 420 and 446 nm typical for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). FT-IR spectroscopy provided an insight of the phytochemicals responsible for the reduction of Ag into Ag and capping/stabilizing the formed Ag/AgCl-NPs. XRD spectroscopy revealed the formation of crystalline Ag/AgCl-NPs with characteristic peaks at around 38.3°, 44.1°, 64.6°, and 77.5° for AgNPs, and 28.9°, 31.9°, 45.4°, 56.3°, and 66.1° for AgCl NPs. FE-SEM spectroscopy exhibited spherical and block like morphologies of agglomerated Ag/AgCl-NPs. TEM illustrated polydisperse spherical shapes of Ag/AgCl-NPs with average particle sizes of 31.11 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of Ag and Cl elements confirming the formation of Ag/AgCl-NPs. The antibacterial activity of the green synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs was performed using disc diffusion method and the zone inhibition (ZOI) evaluation showed their effectiveness against Gram negative (E. coli) and Gram positive (S. aureus).

摘要

目前，抗菌耐药（AMR）细菌正以前所未有的速度出现，这就迫切需要开发新的策略来对抗人类细菌感染。在本研究中，我们报告了一种利用澳洲坚果（Macadamia integrifolia）果壳（MNS）农业废弃物简便且环保的绿色合成银-氯化银纳米颗粒（Ag/AgCl-NPs）的方法。研究了包括pH值、银离子前驱体浓度、时间和温度等物理化学参数的影响。使用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）光谱、场发射扫描光谱（FE-SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和能量色散X射线（EDX）对生物合成的Ag/AgCl-NPs样品进行了表征。UV-Vis光谱显示在420至446nm之间存在典型的银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）表面等离子体共振（SPR）。FT-IR光谱深入了解了负责将Ag还原为Ag并封端/稳定形成的Ag/AgCl-NPs的植物化学物质。XRD光谱揭示了结晶Ag/AgCl-NPs的形成，AgNPs的特征峰在38.3°、44.1°、64.6°和77.5°左右，AgCl NPs的特征峰在28.9°、31.9°、45.4°、56.3°和66.1°左右。FE-SEM光谱显示团聚的Ag/AgCl-NPs呈球形和块状形态。TEM显示Ag/AgCl-NPs为多分散球形，平均粒径为31.11nm。EDX证实了Ag和Cl元素的存在，确认了Ag/AgCl-NPs的形成。采用纸片扩散法对绿色合成的Ag/AgCl-NPs进行了抗菌活性测试，抑菌圈（ZOI）评估表明它们对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌）和革兰氏阳性菌（金黄色葡萄球菌）有效。

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