CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia.
Nanoscale. 2022 Feb 17;14(7):2534-2571. doi: 10.1039/d1nr08144f.
Green synthesis approaches are gaining significance as promising routes for the sustainable preparation of nanoparticles, offering reduced toxicity towards living organisms and the environment. Nanomaterials produced by green synthesis approaches can offer additional benefits, including reduced energy inputs and lower production costs than traditional synthesis, which bodes well for commercial-scale production. The biomolecules and phytochemicals extracted from microbes and plants, respectively, are active compounds that function as reducing and stabilizing agents for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae, have been used in nanomaterials' biological synthesis for some time. Furthermore, the use of plants or plant extracts for metal and metal-based hybrid nanoparticle synthesis represents a novel green synthesis approach that has attracted significant research interest. This review discusses various biosynthesis approaches microbes and plants for the green preparation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and provides insights into the molecular aspects of the synthesis mechanisms and biomedical applications. The use of agriculture waste as a potential bioresource for nanoparticle synthesis and biomedical applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles is also discussed.
绿色合成方法作为可持续制备纳米粒子的有前途的途径越来越受到重视，它们对生物体和环境的毒性较低。通过绿色合成方法制备的纳米材料具有额外的好处，包括比传统合成方法减少能源投入和降低生产成本，这对商业规模生产非常有利。分别从微生物和植物中提取的生物分子和植物化学物质是作为纳米粒子绿色合成的还原剂和稳定剂的活性化合物。微生物，如细菌、酵母、真菌和藻类，已经在纳米材料的生物合成中使用了一段时间。此外，使用植物或植物提取物来合成金属和金属基混合纳米粒子代表了一种新的绿色合成方法，引起了人们的极大研究兴趣。本综述讨论了微生物和植物用于绿色制备金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子的各种生物合成方法，并深入了解了合成机制和生物医学应用的分子方面。还讨论了将农业废弃物作为纳米粒子合成和生物合成纳米粒子的生物医学应用的潜在生物资源的用途。
