Şeyranlıoğlu Onur, Çilek Arif, Yaman Serdar, Gürsoy Samet, Erdem Azad, Barut Abdulkadir
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
Bulancak Kadir Karabas Applied Sciences High School, Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye.
J Sci Food Agric. 2025 Nov;105(14):8245-8267. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.70071. Epub 2025 Jul 27.
This study examines the relationship between agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economic growth (EG), and financial development (FD) within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Using data from 2000 to 2020, the panel data analysis evaluates variables including EG, FD, foreign direct investment (FDI), agricultural energy consumption (EC), population (POP), agricultural land (LAND), and environmental policy stringency (EPS).
Long-run elasticity estimates obtained using bias-adjusted ordinary least squares (BA-OLS) demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between EG, FD, and GHG emissions. A panel Fisher test reveals causal patterns among the variables. The findings indicate that EG and FD initially increased GHG emissions by boosting investments in the agricultural sector but emissions declined once a certain income or development level was reached, supporting the EKC hypothesis. Stricter environmental policies were found to be effective in reducing emissions. Population growth was also found to reduce emissions by enhancing agricultural productivity, and the expansion of LAND increased emissions. One of the important findings of the study is that the interactions between environmental policies, EG, and FD can reduce GHG emissions significantly.
The study emphasizes the need to adopt sustainable EG strategies, tightening environmental policies, and promoting sustainable agricultural technologies in OECD countries. Sharing agricultural sustainability and low-carbon development strategies through knowledge and technology transfer among OECD countries is recommended to combat global climate change effectively. In conclusion, coordinated efforts by OECD countries are required in order to enhance low-carbon agricultural development. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
本研究在经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说框架内，考察农业温室气体（GHG）排放、经济增长（EG）和金融发展（FD）之间的关系。利用2000年至2020年的数据，面板数据分析评估了包括EG、FD、外国直接投资（FDI）、农业能源消耗（EC）、人口（POP）、农业用地（LAND）和环境政策严格性（EPS）等变量。
使用偏差调整后的普通最小二乘法（BA - OLS）获得的长期弹性估计表明，EG、FD与GHG排放之间存在倒U形关系。面板Fisher检验揭示了变量之间的因果模式。研究结果表明，EG和FD最初通过增加对农业部门的投资而增加了GHG排放，但一旦达到一定的收入或发展水平，排放就会下降，这支持了EKC假说。发现更严格的环境政策在减少排放方面是有效的。还发现人口增长通过提高农业生产力而减少排放，而LAND的扩张增加了排放。该研究的重要发现之一是环境政策、EG和FD之间的相互作用可以显著减少GHG排放。
该研究强调了经合组织国家需要采取可持续的EG战略、收紧环境政策并推广可持续农业技术。建议通过经合组织国家之间的知识和技术转让来分享农业可持续性和低碳发展战略，以有效应对全球气候变化。总之，经合组织国家需要共同努力以促进低碳农业发展。© 2025化学工业协会。
