Rajkumari Wangonsana, Tzudir Nungshinaro, Thekiya Altaf H, Zohra Butool, Garg Harsh, Watane Adesh, Kumar Santosh, Gupta Seema
Department of Orthodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, IND.
Department of Dentistry, Jain Clinic, Dimapur, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Jun 23;17(6):e86634. doi: 10.7759/cureus.86634. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Introduction This study aimed to determine whether pharyngeal airway volumetric differences exist between orthodontic subjects with skeletal Class I and Class II adult participants, and to assess the correlation between age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The identification of these relationships might enhance orthodontic diagnosis, airway risk assessment, and treatment planning. Materials and methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 32 participants (aged 18-28 years) who were equally divided into dentoskeletal Class I (n = 16) and skeletal Class II with dental Class II Division 1 (n = 16) groups, each with a balanced sex distribution. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired using the Carestream 9300 Select (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA) system with a field of view (FOV) of 10 × 10 cm, 90 kVp, 4 mA, and a voxel size of 180 µm. Pharyngeal airway volumes, such as nasopharyngeal (NPV), oropharyngeal (OPV), and total airway volume (TAV), were delineated using Carestream 3D imaging software (Carestream Dental, Rochester, NY). BMI was calculated from calibrated weight and height measurements. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was confirmed (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.89-0.94). Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-tests comparing anatomical volumes across malocclusion and sex subgroups, and Pearson correlations (α = 0.05). Results The mean age did not differ significantly between sexes or malocclusion types (p > 0.05). BMI was significantly higher in Class I versus Class II (25.02 ± 4.17 vs. 21.41 ± 3.62 kg/m²; p = 0.014), with no sex-based BMI differences (p = 0.474). An independent t-test analysis of airway parameters by sex revealed no statistically significant differences between males and females (p > 0.05). No significant correlations were identified between BMI and airway volume (p > 0.05) in either group. Class II patients exhibited statistically significantly lower NPV and TAV (p < 0.05). No significant differences were noticed in OPV between malocclusion groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion exhibited significantly reduced NPV and TAV compared to those with Class I malocclusion, highlighting the influence of craniofacial morphology on airway dimensions.
引言 本研究旨在确定骨骼Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类成年正畸患者之间咽气道容积是否存在差异，并评估年龄、性别和体重指数（BMI）之间的相关性。明确这些关系可能会加强正畸诊断、气道风险评估和治疗计划。
材料与方法 对32名参与者（年龄18 - 28岁）进行了一项前瞻性观察研究，这些参与者被平均分为牙-骨骼Ⅰ类（n = 16）和骨骼Ⅱ类伴牙性Ⅱ类1分类（n = 16）两组，每组性别分布均衡。使用Carestream 9300 Select（Carestream Dental LLC，亚特兰大，佐治亚州）系统进行锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），视野（FOV）为10×10 cm，90 kVp，4 mA，体素大小为180 µm。使用Carestream 3D成像软件（Carestream Dental，罗切斯特，纽约州）勾勒出咽气道容积，如鼻咽容积（NPV）、口咽容积（OPV）和总气道容积（TAV）。根据校准后的体重和身高测量值计算BMI。确认了检查者内和检查者间的可靠性（组内相关系数（ICC）为0.89 - 0.94）。统计分析包括Shapiro-Wilk检验、比较错牙合和性别亚组间解剖学容积的独立t检验以及Pearson相关性分析（α = 0.05）。
结果 性别或错牙合类型之间的平均年龄无显著差异（p > 0.05）。Ⅰ类患者的BMI显著高于Ⅱ类患者（25.02±4.17 vs. 21.41±3.62 kg/m²；p = 0.014），基于性别的BMI无差异（p = 0.474）。按性别对气道参数进行的独立t检验分析显示，男性和女性之间无统计学显著差异（p > 0.05）。两组中BMI与气道容积之间均未发现显著相关性（p > 0.05）。Ⅱ类患者的NPV和TAV在统计学上显著更低（p < 0.05）。错牙合组之间的OPV未发现显著差异（p > 0.05）。
结论 本研究表明，与Ⅰ类错牙合患者相比，Ⅱ类1分类错牙合患者的NPV和TAV显著降低，突出了颅面形态对气道尺寸的影响。
