Solomon Sara, Roman Caterina G, Davey-Rothwell Melissa, Abaya Ruth, Webster Daniel, Frattorolli Shannon
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Inquiry. 2025 Jan-Dec;62:469580251360956. doi: 10.1177/00469580251360956. Epub 2025 Jul 28.
This scoping review aimed to identify implementation determinants, strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes of Cure Violence (CV) programs to develop an Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM) and integrate Implementation Science (IS) principles into community violence intervention research and practice. Following Mak and Thomas methodology, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including peer-reviewed articles and grey literature from 2008 to 2023. Data extraction focused on implementation constructs, study characteristics, and CV intervention details. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize findings and develop the IRLM. The review included 29 publications covering 19 distinct CV programs, primarily in the United States. While 62% of studies incorporated IS elements, only one explicitly mentioned using an IS framework. We identified 42 implementation strategies across 6 categories: hiring and retention, training, violence interruption and detection, identifying and treating high-risk individuals, changing community norms, and general implementation and sustainability. Key contextual determinants influencing implementation included funding stability, community trust, and staff characteristics. The adapted IRLM visually depicts the relationships between implementation strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes. This review highlights the need for greater integration of IS principles in CV research and practice. The proposed IRLM provides a framework for practitioners to guide implementation and for researchers to design more rigorous studies unpacking the layers of implementation, including strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes that contribute to the variation in the effectiveness of CV across different contexts. Future research should focus on testing specific implementation strategies and measuring a broader range of implementation outcomes beyond fidelity.
本范围综述旨在确定“治愈暴力”（CV）项目的实施决定因素、策略、机制和结果，以开发一个实施研究逻辑模型（IRLM），并将实施科学（IS）原则纳入社区暴力干预研究与实践。按照Mak和Thomas的方法，我们在多个数据库中进行了全面的文献检索，包括2008年至2023年的同行评审文章和灰色文献。数据提取聚焦于实施构建、研究特征和CV干预细节。采用主题分析法综合研究结果并开发IRLM。该综述纳入了29篇出版物，涵盖19个不同的CV项目，主要来自美国。虽然62%的研究纳入了IS要素，但只有一项明确提及使用IS框架。我们在6个类别中确定了42种实施策略：招聘与留用、培训、暴力中断与检测、识别与治疗高风险个体、改变社区规范以及一般实施与可持续性。影响实施的关键背景决定因素包括资金稳定性、社区信任和工作人员特征。经过调整的IRLM直观地描绘了实施策略、机制和结果之间的关系。本综述强调了在CV研究与实践中更深入整合IS原则的必要性。所提出的IRLM为从业者指导实施以及研究人员设计更严谨的研究提供了一个框架，这些研究可剖析实施的各个层面，包括有助于CV在不同背景下效果差异的策略、机制和结果。未来的研究应侧重于测试具体的实施策略，并测量除保真度之外更广泛的实施结果。
