Zhang Hanzun, Yang Chao, Li Yesen, Ma Bin, Zhu Boshan
The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 17;15(14):2113. doi: 10.3390/ani15142113.
In recent years, passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) technology has significantly contributed to advancements in aquaculture techniques, system iterations, and increased production yields within intelligent feeding systems for . However, current PAM-based intelligent feeding systems do not incorporate environmental factors into the decision process, limiting the improvement of monitoring accuracy in complex environments such as ponds. To establish a connection between environmental factors and the feeding acoustics of , this study utilized PAM technology combined with video analysis to investigate the effects of three key environmental factors-temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen-on the feeding behavioral characteristics of shrimp, with a specific focus on acoustic signals "clicks". The results demonstrated a significant correlation between the number of clicks and feed consumption in shrimp across different treatments, establishing this stable relationship as a reliable indicator for assessing shrimp feeding status. When water temperature increased from 20 °C to 32 °C, shrimp feed consumption showed an elevation from 0.46 g to 0.95 g per 30 min, with the average number of clicks increasing from 388 to 2947.58 and sound pressure levels rising accordingly. Conversely, ammonia nitrogen at 12 mg/L reduced feed consumption by 0.15 g and decreased click counts by 911.75 pulses compared to controls, while nitrite nitrogen at 40 mg/L similarly suppressed feed consumption by 0.15 g and the average number of clicks by 304.75. A rise in water temperature stimulated shrimp behaviors such as feeding, swimming, and foraging, while elevated concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen significantly inhibited shrimp activity. Redundancy analysis revealed that temperature was the most prominent factor among the three environmental factors influencing shrimp feeding. This study is the first to quantify the specific effects of common environmental factors on the acoustic feeding signals and feeding behavior of using PAM technology. It confirms the feasibility of using PAM technology to assess shrimp feeding conditions under diverse environmental conditions and the necessity of integrating environmental monitoring modules into future feeding systems. This study provides behavioral evidence for the development of precise feeding technologies and the upgrade of intelligent feeding systems for .
近年来，被动声学监测（PAM）技术为水产养殖技术的进步、系统迭代以及智能投喂系统产量的提高做出了重大贡献。然而，当前基于PAM的智能投喂系统在决策过程中未纳入环境因素，限制了在池塘等复杂环境中监测准确性的提升。为了建立环境因素与虾类投喂声学之间的联系，本研究利用PAM技术结合视频分析，研究了温度、氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮这三个关键环境因素对虾类摄食行为特征的影响，特别关注声学信号“咔哒声”。结果表明，在不同处理下，虾类的咔哒声数量与饲料消耗量之间存在显著相关性，确立了这种稳定关系作为评估虾类摄食状态的可靠指标。当水温从20℃升至32℃时，虾类每30分钟的饲料消耗量从0.46克增至0.95克，咔哒声平均数量从388次增至2947.58次，声压级也相应升高。相反，与对照组相比，12毫克/升的氨氮使饲料消耗量减少0.15克，咔哒声数量减少911.75次脉冲，而40毫克/升的亚硝酸盐氮同样使饲料消耗量减少0.15克，咔哒声平均数量减少304.75次。水温升高刺激了虾类的摄食、游泳和觅食等行为，而氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度升高则显著抑制了虾类活动。冗余分析表明，温度是影响虾类摄食的三个环境因素中最突出的因素。本研究首次量化了常见环境因素对虾类声学摄食信号和摄食行为的具体影响。它证实了使用PAM技术在不同环境条件下评估虾类摄食状况的可行性，以及将环境监测模块集成到未来投喂系统中的必要性。本研究为精准投喂技术的发展和虾类智能投喂系统的升级提供了行为学依据。
