Emerenciano Maurício G C, Rombenso Artur N, Vieira Felipe D N, Martins Mateus A, Coman Greg J, Truong Ha H, Noble Tansyn H, Simon Cedric J
Livestock & Aquaculture Program, Bribie Island Research Centre, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Woorim 4507, Australia.
Marine Shrimp Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88061-600, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jan 19;12(3):236. doi: 10.3390/ani12030236.
Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production. Compared to traditional extensive or semi-intensive systems, super-intensive systems require higher inputs of feed, energy, labor, and supplements. These systems are highly sensitive to the interactions between these different inputs and require that the biological and economical parameters of farming are carefully balanced to ensure success. Advancing nutritional knowledge and tools to support consistent and efficient production of shrimp in these high-cost super-intensive systems is also necessary. Breeding programs developing breeding-lines selected for these challenging super-intensive environments are critical. Understanding synergies between the key areas of production systems, nutrition, and breeding are crucial for super-intensive farming as all three areas coalesce to influence the health of shrimp and commercial farming success. This article reviews current strategies and innovations being used for in production systems, nutrition, and breeding, and discusses the synergies across these areas that can support the production of healthy and high-quality shrimp in super-intensive systems. Finally, we briefly discuss some key issues of social license pertinent to the super-intensive shrimp farming industry.
对虾养殖产业的集约化，也被称为纵向扩张，主要是由全球疾病爆发的连续事件推动的，这些事件给主要生产国造成了巨大的经济损失。越来越多的对虾养殖业选择使用密度更高、生物安全性更好且操作可控的生产系统，以降低疾病带来的风险。然而，成功的超集约化对虾生产依赖于对养殖系统中许多重要生物学和经济参数的深入理解，以及有效的监测，以维持最佳产量。与传统的粗放式或半集约化系统相比，超集约化系统需要更高的饲料、能源、劳动力和添加剂投入。这些系统对这些不同投入之间的相互作用高度敏感，需要仔细平衡养殖的生物学和经济参数以确保成功。在这些高成本的超集约化系统中，提升营养知识和工具以支持对虾的持续高效生产也很有必要。培育适用于这些具有挑战性的超集约化环境的选育品系的育种计划至关重要。理解生产系统、营养和育种等关键领域之间的协同作用对于超集约化养殖至关重要，因为这三个领域共同影响对虾的健康和商业养殖的成功。本文回顾了目前在生产系统、营养和育种中使用的策略和创新，并讨论了这些领域之间的协同作用，这些协同作用可以支持在超集约化系统中生产健康和高质量的对虾。最后，我们简要讨论了与超集约化对虾养殖业相关的一些社会许可关键问题。
