Diversity and Functional Potential of Gut Bacteria Associated with the Insect (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae).

Insects are often associated with diverse microorganisms that enhance their metabolism and nutrient assimilation. These microorganisms, residing in the insect's gut, play a crucial role in breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds essential for the host's growth. This study investigates the diversity and functional potential of symbiotic bacteria in the gut of (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) larvae, an edible insect from southeastern Mexico, using culture-dependent and metagenomic approaches. Bacterial strains were isolated from different gut sections (foregut, midgut, and hindgut) and cultured on general-purpose media. Isolates were identified through 16S RNA gene sequencing and genomic fingerprinting. Metagenomics revealed the bacterial community structure and diversity, along with their functional potential. A total of 96 bacterial strains were isolated, predominantly Gram-negative bacilli. Rapidly growing colonies exhibited enzymatic activity, cellulose degradation, and sugar production. Phylogenetic analysis identified eight genera, including , , , , and others, with significant cellulose-degrading capabilities. Metagenomics confirmed Bacillota as the most abundant phylum. These complementary methods revealed abundant symbiotic bacteria with key metabolic roles in , offering promising biotechnological applications in enzymatic bioconversion and cellulose degradation.