Cha Minseok, Park Min-Seo, Kim Soo-Jung
Research Center for Biological Cybernetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Biotechnol J. 2025 Jul;20(7):e70074. doi: 10.1002/biot.70074.
Hydrogen (H) is a clean, renewable, and sustainable energy source that holds great promise as an alternative fuel and is expected to play a central role in the future transportation energy economy. However, the hydrogen yield from microorganisms remains insufficient, presenting a significant challenge. Biohydrogen (bio-H) production pathways are well established and can be categorized into four main processes: (1) direct biological photolysis of water by green algae; (2) indirect biological photolysis by cyanobacteria, a combination of green algae and photosynthetic microorganisms, or a separate two-stage photolysis using only green algae; (3) photo-fermentation by purple bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, or fermentative bacteria; and (4) dark anaerobic fermentation by fermentative bacteria. Among these processes, dark fermentation shows great potential for practical applications, such as organic waste treatment. This review summarizes recent advances in bio-H production, including both fundamental research and applied studies.
氢（H）是一种清洁、可再生且可持续的能源，作为替代燃料具有巨大潜力，有望在未来交通运输能源经济中发挥核心作用。然而，微生物产氢量仍然不足，这是一个重大挑战。生物制氢（bio-H）途径已得到充分确立，可分为四个主要过程：（1）绿藻对水的直接生物光解；（2）蓝细菌、绿藻与光合微生物的组合或仅使用绿藻的单独两阶段光解进行的间接生物光解；（3）紫色细菌、光合细菌或发酵细菌进行的光发酵；以及（4）发酵细菌进行的黑暗厌氧发酵。在这些过程中，黑暗发酵在有机废物处理等实际应用中显示出巨大潜力。本综述总结了生物制氢的最新进展，包括基础研究和应用研究。
