Bichler Carina S, Rausch Linda K, Unterholzner Jana, Kopp Martin, Sperner-Unterweger Barbara, Hüfner Katharina
Department für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie II, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich.
Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich.
Neuropsychiatr. 2025 Sep;39(3):133-143. doi: 10.1007/s40211-025-00535-5. Epub 2025 Jul 29.
Mental disorders are often associated with a significantly reduced level of physical activity, leading to inactivity rates of 40-86%. This is concerning, as physical activity not only has well-documented positive effects on physical health but also represents an evidence-based, cost-effective, and low-risk treatment option for psychiatric disorders. However, exercise remains insufficiently integrated into psychiatric care, partly due to barriers among healthcare providers and patients. The most common barriers reported by patients include fatigue, uncertainty, and financial constraints, while lack of time plays a less significant role.This review examines the scientific evidence supporting exercise as a therapeutic intervention - "Exercise is Medicine®" - for psychiatric disorders and highlights its effectiveness across a wide range of conditions, from anxiety disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorders. Furthermore, it explores the "knowledge-action gap" between existing research and clinical implementation, providing practical recommendations based on Motivational Interviewing techniques. In addition to distinguishing between the concepts of physical activity, exercise, sport, and exercise therapy, this article presents recommendations for physical activity, behavior change techniques, a structured counseling guide, and an informational flyer for patients.The aim of this article is to establish exercise as an integral component of psychiatric treatment and facilitate its implementation in clinical practice. By integrating physical activity, not only can quality of life and mental health be improved, but health disparities can also be reduced. This article offers evidence-based recommendations and practical strategies for promoting physical activity in psychiatric care.
精神障碍往往与身体活动水平显著降低有关，导致不活动率达到40%-86%。这令人担忧，因为身体活动不仅对身体健康有充分记录的积极影响，而且是一种基于证据、具有成本效益且低风险的精神疾病治疗选择。然而，运动在精神科护理中的整合仍不充分，部分原因是医疗服务提供者和患者之间存在障碍。患者报告的最常见障碍包括疲劳、不确定性和经济限制，而时间不足的作用相对较小。本综述考察了支持将运动作为精神疾病治疗干预手段——“运动是良药”——的科学证据，并强调了其在从焦虑症到强迫症等广泛病症中的有效性。此外，它还探讨了现有研究与临床实施之间的“知识-行动差距”，并基于动机性访谈技术提供了实用建议。除了区分身体活动、运动、体育和运动疗法的概念外，本文还提出了关于身体活动、行为改变技巧、结构化咨询指南以及给患者的信息传单的建议。本文的目的是将运动确立为精神科治疗的一个组成部分，并促进其在临床实践中的实施。通过整合身体活动，不仅可以提高生活质量和心理健康水平，还可以减少健康差距。本文为在精神科护理中促进身体活动提供了基于证据的建议和实用策略。
