Calvo-Gomez Octavio, Eshboev Farkhod, Mullaiarova Kamilla, Egamberdieva Dilfuza
Medical School, Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan.
Faculty of Land Resources, National Research University TIIAME, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jul 18;13(7):1691. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13071691.
Endophytic microorganisms inhabiting plant tissues constitute a unique and largely untapped reservoir of bioactive metabolites, including phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and anthraquinones, among others. This review focuses on the potential of these compounds to modulate the complex processes of wound repair, such as hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Uniquely, this review delineates the specific mechanisms supported not only by indirect evidence but by primary research directly linking endophytic metabolites to wound repair. We synthesized and evaluated evidence from 18 studies, of which over 75% directly assessed wound healing effects through in vitro and in vivo models. Metabolites from endophytic microorganisms promoted wound contraction, suppressed biofilm formation by key pathogens (e.g., MRSA, P. aeruginosa), and accelerated tissue re-epithelialization in animal models. Other compounds demonstrated >99% wound closure in rats, while several extracts showed anti-inflammatory and cytocompatible profiles. Nevertheless, the majority of studies applied unstandardized methods and used crude extracts, hindering precise structure-activity assessment. The originality of this review lies in drawing attention to direct evidence for wound healing from diverse endophytic sources and systematically identifying gaps between preclinical promise and clinical translation, positioning endophytes as a sustainable platform for next-generation wound therapeutics.
寄生于植物组织内的内生微生物构成了一个独特且很大程度上未被开发的生物活性代谢物库，其中包括酚类、萜类、生物碱、多糖和蒽醌等。本综述聚焦于这些化合物调节伤口修复复杂过程（如止血、炎症、增殖和重塑）的潜力。独特的是，本综述不仅阐述了间接证据支持的具体机制，还阐述了将内生代谢物与伤口修复直接联系起来的初步研究支持的具体机制。我们综合并评估了18项研究的证据，其中超过75%通过体外和体内模型直接评估了伤口愈合效果。内生微生物的代谢物促进了伤口收缩，抑制了关键病原体（如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌）的生物膜形成，并加速了动物模型中的组织再上皮化。其他化合物在大鼠中显示出>99%的伤口闭合率，而几种提取物显示出抗炎和细胞相容性特征。然而，大多数研究采用的方法未标准化且使用的是粗提物，这阻碍了精确的构效关系评估。本综述的独特之处在于提请关注来自不同内生来源的伤口愈合直接证据，并系统地识别临床前前景与临床转化之间的差距，将内生菌定位为下一代伤口治疗的可持续平台。
