Luz Mateus A, Guedes Hellen V S, Bisneto Antônio B M, Jesus Raquel A de, Galdino Taynah P, Oliveira Lucas C, Afonso Victor Ignacio, Fook Marcus Vinícius L, Lima Antônio G B, Silva Suedina M de L, Torres Maria C M
Department of Chemistry, Paraíba State University, Campina Grande 58429-500, Paraíba, Brazil.
Northeast Biomaterials Evaluation and Development Laboratory, CERTBIO, Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882-Bodocongó, Campina Grande 58429-900, Paraíba, Brazil.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 1;18(7):989. doi: 10.3390/ph18070989.
The genus is known for producing tryptamine alkaloids, specifically the compounds psilocybin and psilocin, which have shown antidepressant and anxiolytic potential. The presence of these alkaloids makes mushrooms promising sources of molecules with potential applications in the treatment of mental disorders. To explore this, a bibliographic study was conducted with the aim of synthesizing published data regarding the biological properties and chemical composition of mushrooms. Searches were performed on indexing platforms, and the articles found were processed using StArt software. These articles were then classified by score and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This survey yielded a total of 74 articles, and among them, 66 works showed the presence of psilocybin and/or psilocin alkaloids, indicating the psychoactivity of the mushrooms, and 4 works demonstrated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extract from certain species of the genus. Additionally, 37 chemical compounds were identified across the genus, 23 of which are alkaloids. Data regarding the temporal and chemical stability of these compounds were also observed, which could help optimize the handling of materials that contain indole alkaloids. Therefore, it is evident that species of this genus remain underexplored in terms of chemical diversity; only compounds classified as alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds were found, and, in total, only 36 compounds in a study range time of 67 years. Furthermore, most studies focused primarily on evaluating the tryptamine alkaloids responsible for the psychoactivity of the mushrooms, without any study focusing on demonstrating the biological activity of isolated compounds against any pathological factor, except for studies relating the whole extract to larvicidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. So, this review provides a general overview of the molecules isolated from the genus and their biological activities and also suggests that researchers working with these mushroom species could focus their efforts on isolating new compounds and evaluating other types of biological activities that can improve the knowledge of mushrooms' alternative applications.
该属以产生色胺生物碱而闻名，特别是裸盖菇素和脱磷酸裸盖菇素化合物，它们已显示出抗抑郁和抗焦虑的潜力。这些生物碱的存在使蘑菇有望成为具有治疗精神障碍潜在应用的分子来源。为了探索这一点，进行了一项文献研究，旨在综合已发表的有关蘑菇生物学特性和化学成分的数据。在索引平台上进行搜索，并使用StArt软件对找到的文章进行处理。然后根据得分对这些文章进行分类，并根据纳入和排除标准进行选择。这项调查共产生了74篇文章，其中66篇研究表明存在裸盖菇素和/或脱磷酸裸盖菇素生物碱，表明蘑菇具有精神活性，4篇研究证明了该属某些物种提取物的抗菌和抗氧化活性。此外，在该属中鉴定出37种化合物，其中23种是生物碱。还观察到了这些化合物的时间稳定性和化学稳定性数据，这有助于优化对含有吲哚生物碱的材料的处理。因此，很明显，就化学多样性而言，该属的物种仍未得到充分探索；仅发现了归类为生物碱、萜类化合物和酚类化合物的化合物，并且在67年的研究范围内总共仅发现了36种化合物。此外，大多数研究主要集中在评估导致蘑菇具有精神活性的色胺生物碱，除了将整个提取物与杀幼虫、抗菌和抗氧化潜力相关的研究外，没有任何研究专注于证明分离化合物对任何病理因素的生物活性。所以，本综述提供了从该属中分离出的分子及其生物活性的概述，并还表明研究这些蘑菇物种的研究人员可以将精力集中在分离新化合物和评估其他类型的生物活性上，这可以增进对蘑菇其他应用的了解。
