Preston Hannah, Casey Rowan, Ferris Elizabeth, Kerr-Jones Lauren, Jones Lauren, Latif Farah, Clement Mathew, Aicheler Rebecca J, Wang Eddie C Y, Stanton Richard J, Fielding Ceri A
Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
Systems Immunity University Research Institute (SIURI), Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
Pathogens. 2025 Jun 24;14(7):629. doi: 10.3390/pathogens14070629.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the herpesvirus family, of significant clinical importance, and highly adapted to its host, resulting from millions of years of co-evolution. As a result, the virus systematically subverts almost all aspects of antiviral immune defence to successfully establish a lifelong persistent infection, and in the process, dramatically reshapes the phenotype and function of host immunity to both HCMV and other diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of successful herpesvirus control. Here, we discuss their role in modulating HCMV disease and the multitude of ways that HCMV has evolved to prevent and manipulate this process. We also consider how antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by NK cells directed against HCMV might overcome NK immune evasion mechanisms and be useful therapeutically.
人巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是疱疹病毒家族中一种普遍存在的病毒，具有重要的临床意义，并且由于数百万年的共同进化，它已高度适应其宿主。因此，该病毒系统性地破坏了抗病毒免疫防御的几乎所有方面，从而成功建立终身持续感染，在此过程中，极大地重塑了宿主对HCMV和其他疾病的免疫表型及功能。自然杀伤（NK）细胞是成功控制疱疹病毒的关键组成部分。在此，我们讨论它们在调节HCMV疾病中的作用，以及HCMV为预防和操纵这一过程而进化出的多种方式。我们还考虑了NK细胞针对HCMV的抗体依赖性细胞毒性如何可能克服NK免疫逃逸机制并在治疗上发挥作用。
