Kosakowska Olga, Węglarz Zenon, Żuchowska Agnieszka, Styczyńska Sylwia, Zaraś Ewa, Bączek Katarzyna
Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Environmental Protection and Dendrology, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Jul 10;30(14):2915. doi: 10.3390/molecules30142915.
The aim of this study was to determine the intraspecific variability among 11 wild-growing populations of wormwood ( L.) originating from Central Europe and preserved in the Polish Genebank Collection. The populations were introduced into ex situ conditions, and assessed in terms of selected developmental and chemical traits (essential oil, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and tannins content). Developmental observations and harvest of raw materials were carried out in the second year of plant vegetation, at the beginning of flowering. The populations exhibited significant differences. The greatest variability was observed in the number of shoots per plant (38-51) and dry mass of herb per plant (0.83-1.60 kg). Essential oil (EO) content ranged from 0.75 to 1.69 g/100 g dry weight (DW). A total of 41 compounds were identified in the EOs, with oxygenated monoterpenes (such as sabinyl acetate, -chrysanthenol, chrysantenyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, α- and β-thujone) as dominants, showing considerable variation among populations. Based on the EO profiles, several chemotypes were distinguished, mainly (1) a pure sabinyl acetate chemotype; (2) mixed chemotypes with sabinyl acetate accompanied by β-myrcene, -chrysanthenol, chrysanthenyl acetate, or 1,8-cineole; and (3) a thujone chemotype. The total content of phenolic acids (expressed as caffeic acid equivalent), tannins, and polyphenols (as pyrogallol equivalent) varied significantly, too (0.37-0.50; 0.10-0.26; 0.58-0.79%, respectively). The results confirm a high level of intraspecific variability in both developmental and chemical traits of populations originating from Poland. This diversity may be valuable for future breeding programs and for the selection of populations with desired phytochemical profiles for medicinal, food, and agricultural applications. It is worth noting that the floristic diversity among populations indicates the habitat heterogeneity, ranging from natural or semi-natural (populations 1, 6) to more anthropogenically influenced ones (populations 2, 4, 5, 7-11).
本研究的目的是确定源自中欧并保存在波兰基因库中的11个野生艾草（L.）种群的种内变异性。将这些种群引入异地条件下，并根据选定的发育和化学性状（精油、酚酸、多酚和单宁含量）进行评估。在植物生长的第二年开花初期进行发育观察和原材料收获。这些种群表现出显著差异。观察到每株植物的枝条数（38 - 51个）和每株草本植物的干重（0.83 - 1.60千克）变异最大。精油（EO）含量范围为0.75至1.69克/100克干重（DW）。在精油中总共鉴定出41种化合物，以氧化单萜类化合物（如乙酸桧酯、 - 菊醇、乙酸菊烯酯、1,8 - 桉叶素、α - 和β - 侧柏酮）为主，种群间显示出相当大的差异。根据精油谱，区分出几种化学型，主要有：（1）纯乙酸桧酯化学型；（2）乙酸桧酯与β - 月桂烯、 - 菊醇、乙酸菊烯酯或1,8 - 桉叶素相伴的混合化学型；（3）侧柏酮化学型。酚酸（以咖啡酸当量表示）、单宁和多酚（以连苯三酚当量表示）的总含量也有显著差异（分别为0.37 - 0.50；0.10 - 0.26；0.58 - 0.79%）。结果证实了源自波兰的种群在发育和化学性状方面具有高水平的种内变异性。这种多样性对于未来的育种计划以及选择具有所需植物化学特征的种群用于医药、食品和农业应用可能具有重要价值。值得注意的是，种群间的植物区系多样性表明了栖息地的异质性，范围从自然或半自然（种群1、6）到受人为影响更大的（种群2、4、5、7 - 11）。
