Dreiseitl Antonín
Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Agrotest Fyto Ltd., Havlíčkova 2787, CZ-767 01 Kroměříž, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 8;14(14):2091. doi: 10.3390/plants14142091.
Genetic resistance is a sustainable way to protect crops from diseases, and breeding resistant varieties is a key objective. However, diseases are caused by pathogens with different life cycles, and the importance of individual evolutionary forces plays a key role in the adaptation of their populations. Therefore, strategies for the use of genetic resistance resources can vary depending on the plant pathosystem. Numerous major genes confer hypersensitive resistance to powdery mildew-one of the most common diseases in barley-but these genes conform to the gene-for-gene system of an extremely diverse and adaptable pathogen. When such resistance genes are transferred into commercial varieties, their efficiency in the field is soon overcome and replacement with newly developed resistant varieties can be slow. Hence, specific resistance genes should not be used in barley breeding programs. Only one monogenic, non-hypersensitive, non-specific and durable major resistance Mlo is known. This predominates in Central and Western European spring varieties and should be widely adopted by barley breeders elsewhere and in other crops where such type of resistance is found. In this paper, the relevant aspects involved in breeding barley resistant to powdery mildew are discussed, with conclusions supported by practical examples. Additionally, future directions for barley improvement are proposed.
遗传抗性是保护作物免受病害的一种可持续方式，培育抗性品种是一个关键目标。然而，病害是由具有不同生命周期的病原体引起的，个体进化力量的重要性在其种群适应中起着关键作用。因此，利用遗传抗性资源的策略可能因植物病理系统而异。许多主要基因赋予对大麦最常见病害之一白粉病的过敏抗性，但这些基因符合一种极其多样且适应性强的病原体的基因对基因系统。当此类抗性基因转入商业品种时，它们在田间的效率很快就会被克服，而用新培育的抗性品种替代可能会很缓慢。因此，不应在大麦育种计划中使用特定的抗性基因。已知只有一个单基因、非过敏、非特异性且持久的主要抗性基因Mlo。这种基因在中欧和西欧的春性品种中占主导地位，其他地区的大麦育种者以及发现此类抗性的其他作物都应广泛采用。本文讨论了大麦抗白粉病育种涉及的相关方面，结论有实际例子支持。此外，还提出了大麦改良的未来方向。
