Zheng Shiheng, Kong Qingbo, Yan Hanrui, Liu Junjie, Tang Renke, Zhou Lijun, Yang Hongyu, Jiang Xiaoyu, Feng Shiling, Ding Chunbang, Chen Tao
College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jul 21;14(14):2249. doi: 10.3390/plants14142249.
As a unique woody oil crop in China, Abel. germplasm resources show significant genetic diversity in Ya'an City. This study measured 60 phenotypic traits (32 quantitative, 28 qualitative) of 302 accessions to analyze phenotypic variation, establish a classification system, and screen high-yield, high-oil germplasms. The phenotypic diversity index for fruit (H' = 1.36-1.44) was significantly higher than for leaf (H' = 1.31) and flower (H' < 1), indicating genetic diversity concentrated in reproductive traits, suggesting potential genetic variability in these traits. Fruit quantitative traits (e.g., single fruit weight CV = 35.37%, fresh seed weight CV = 38.93%) showed high genetic dispersion. Principal component analysis confirmed the fruit factor and economic factor as main phenotypic differentiation drivers. Quantitative traits were classified morphologically, and correlation analysis integrated them into 13 key indicators classified using LSD and range methods. Finally, TOPSIS evaluation selected 10 excellent germplasms like TQ122 and TQ49, with fruit weight, fresh seed yield, and kernel oil content significantly exceeding the population average. This study provides data for DUS test guidelines and proposes a multi-trait breeding strategy, supporting high-yield variety selection and germplasm resource protection.
作为中国特有的木本油料作物，雅安地区的油桐种质资源具有显著的遗传多样性。本研究测定了302份种质的60个表型性状（32个数量性状，28个质量性状），以分析表型变异、建立分类系统并筛选高产、高油种质。果实的表型多样性指数（H' = 1.36 - 1.44）显著高于叶片（H' = 1.31）和花朵（H' < 1），表明遗传多样性集中在生殖性状上，暗示这些性状具有潜在的遗传变异性。果实数量性状（如单果重变异系数CV = 35.37%，鲜籽重变异系数CV = 38.93%）表现出较高的遗传离散度。主成分分析确定果实因子和经济因子是主要的表型分化驱动因素。对数量性状进行形态学分类，并通过相关性分析将其整合为13个关键指标，采用最小显著差法（LSD）和极差法进行分类。最后，通过逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）评估筛选出了TQ122和TQ49等10份优良种质，其果实重量、鲜籽产量和种仁含油率均显著超过群体平均值。本研究为油桐特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南提供了数据，并提出了多性状育种策略，为高产品种选育和种质资源保护提供了支持。
