Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Jiaxiu South Road, Guiyang, 550025, China.
Guizhou Southwest Karst Regional Development Institute, Xingyi, 562400, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 29;12(1):7068. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10620-2.
In this study, we assessed 26 economic characteristics and yields of the mature fruit of 40 superior Camellia oleifera Abel plants grown at the C. oleifera germplasm resource nursery in the low-hot valley area of Southwest Zuizhou, China, using principal component analysis (PCA). Correlations among the characteristics and the variability of the plants in these characteristics were also analyzed. Out of the 26 characteristics, 16 primary economic characteristics were selected for comprehensive assessment, based on the results of which the plants were ordered to obtain excellent C. oleifera germplasms. The data were subjected to PCA, and the 16 characteristics were integrated into 6 independent comprehensive indices, which included PV1 (single-fruit weight), PV2 (pericarp thickness), PV3 (seed rate), PV4 (total unsaturated fatty acids), PV5 (iodine value) and PV6 (dry seed rate). Then, the sum of the products of the contribution rates of the components and components scores was taken as the comprehensive score of each superior plant. In C. oleifera grown in the low-hot valley area, the oil yield exhibited very significant positive correlations with the dry seed rate and kernel rate but a very significant negative correlation with the 100-seed weight. The dry seed rate exhibited very significant negative correlations with the fruit diameter and fresh seed rate. Among the 26 characteristics, the variations of the acid value, peroxide value, number of fertile seeds, 100-seed weight and single-fruit weight were great; those of the fruit diameter, fruit height, kernel yield, oleic acid and total unsaturated fatty acid were small, showing strong genetic stability. According to the obtained comprehensive scores, the top 10 plants were ordered as follows: CY-6 > CY-13 > CY-31 > CY-11 > CY-16 > CY-22 > CY-28 > CY-23 > CY-24 > CY-29. This result was basically consistent with the ranking result according to the average yield per unit crown width within five years. In the low-hot valley area of Guizhou, C. oleifera exhibits excellent performance in single-fruit weight, total unsaturated fatty acids and kernel rate, 6 characteristics, i.e., acid value, peroxide value, single-fruit weight, the number of fertile seeds, 100-seed weight and α-linolenic acid possess high breeding potentials.
在本研究中，我们使用主成分分析（PCA）评估了中国西南州低高热河谷地区油茶种质资源苗圃中 40 株优良油茶 Abel 植株成熟果实的 26 项经济特性和产量。还分析了这些特性之间的相关性以及植株在这些特性中的变异性。在 26 个特征中，根据结果选择了 16 个主要经济特征进行综合评价，根据这些特征对植株进行排序，以获得优良的油茶种质资源。对数据进行 PCA 分析，将 16 个特征整合为 6 个独立的综合指数，包括 PV1（单果重）、PV2（果皮厚度）、PV3（出籽率）、PV4（总不饱和脂肪酸）、PV5（碘值）和 PV6（干籽率）。然后，将各成分贡献率与成分得分的乘积之和作为各优良植株的综合得分。在低高热河谷地区生长的油茶中，出油率与干籽率和仁率呈极显著正相关，与百粒重呈极显著负相关。干籽率与果实直径和鲜果出籽率呈极显著负相关。在 26 个特征中，酸值、过氧化物值、结实数、百粒重和单果重的变化较大；果实直径、果实高度、仁产量、油酸和总不饱和脂肪酸的变化较小，表现出较强的遗传稳定性。根据获得的综合得分，前 10 名植株的排序如下：CY-6>CY-13>CY-31>CY-11>CY-16>CY-22>CY-28>CY-23>CY-24>CY-29。这一结果与五年内单位冠宽平均产量的排序结果基本一致。在贵州低热河谷地区，油茶在单果重、总不饱和脂肪酸和仁率等 6 个特征上表现优异，即酸值、过氧化物值、单果重、结实数、百粒重和α-亚麻酸具有较高的育种潜力。
